Organohalogen concentrations and a gross and histologic ...

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162 Skull BMD and histology The relationship between BMD and histology was tested for subadults, adult females and adult males, respectively. The model was a ANCOVA with BMD (bone mineral density) as dependent variable, age as covariable variable, histology as class variable and their 1 st order interaction links (age* histology). The model reduction and identification of significant factors were similar to those described in the previous section. Results Kidney The kidney histology of the 91 polar bears (50 subadults, 22 adult females and 19 adult males) collected from 1999 to 2002, were multilobulated similar to e.g. domestic cow (Bos taurus) and ringed seal (Phoca hispida) (e.g. Dragert et al., 1975; Habel, 1992, Sonne-Hansen et al., 2002) and the histology of each functional unit (lobule) appeared to be similar to marine mammal renal tissue in general (Ibid.). It was not possible to investigate the entire kidney macroscopically during the hunt and sampling. Glomerular lesions Moderate and severe uniform glomerulonephritis and –sclerosis was found in 38 of the 91 examinated East Greenland polar bears (Fig. 1). When these lesions were present, PAS-positive (hyalinisation) increase of the mesangial matrix was found (Fig. 1). In the examination of the basement membranes by PAS-M silverstaining, no humps (segmental thickening) were present but we could detect obvious mesangial cell-proliferations, but no proliferations of the glomerular endothelial cells, while occasionally proliferation of visceral epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule was found. In few cases small glomerular unifocal hyalin nodules were found as well as segmental capsular adhesions between glomerular basement membranes and Bowman’s capsule with luminal PAS-positive hyalin depositioning of Bowman’s space. Dense PASpositive total hyalinisation (sclerosis) of the glomeruli was found in the most severe cases of glomerulonephritis – and sclerosis and tubular atrophy and fibrosis (Fig. 2).
Figure 1 Bottom: example of glomerular changes in a 22-year-old East Greenland female polar bears sampled in August 1999 (group: moderate). Arrows indicate thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and segmental capsular adhesion between glomerular basement membranes and Bowman’s capsule with luminal PASpositive hyalin depositioning (PAS, 40x). Bar: 50 µm. Top: example of glomerular changes in a 19-yearold East Greenland female polar bear sampled in January 2000 (group: severe). Arrows indicate thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and an increase in the mesangial matrix (PAS, 40x). Bar: 50 µm. 163
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National Environmental Research Ins
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National Environmental Research Ins
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Contents Summary 7 Resumé 11 Prefa
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Paper III-b Periodontitis and tooth
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Summary Marine mammals in the Arcti
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elations between histological chang
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Resumé Betydelige mængder svært
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signifikante relationer blev fundet
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Preface Since ca. 1960 signficant a
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Acquarone, Poul Johansen and Inge B
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Abbreviations ∑ Sum of congeners
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Introduction Study area and samplin
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content and composition) varying wi
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Of the PCBs found in the East Green
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son Bay bears while the difference
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Individual levels and biological ef
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No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
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temperature extremes and/or food av
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Chapter 3 Bone mineral density and
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BMD analysed by DXA reflects the ar
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Table 4 Range in the levels (ng/g l
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Chapter 4 Liver histology of East G
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Table 7 Levels of ∑-PCBs, ∑-DDT
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Frequency (%) 100 80 60 40 20 Sever
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Effects of PBBs (PolyBrominated Bip
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Etiology and pathogenesis E Figure
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common sign (Acland 1995, Feldman 1
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Conclusions and final assessments O
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of CYP-450 activity that impact cir
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Regarding renal tissue, we will try
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Bernhoft, A., Ø. Wiig and J. U. Sk
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Feldman, E. C. (1995): Hyperadrenoc
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(eds.): Ringed seals in the North A
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McCormack, K. M., W. M. Kluwe, V. L
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Rosing-Asvid, A., E. W. Born and M.
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Valentino, R., S. Savastano, A. P.
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Paper I Seasonal and temporal trend
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eproductive rates of seals in the B
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concentrations of the 41 individual
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Figure 1 Capture locations of the p
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Table 4 Results of ANOVAs (F-value
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Long-Term Temporal Changes in OC Co
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Discussion Geographical Variation i
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sen et al. (2001) studied the trend
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higher than reported in other studi
Page 91 and 92:
Bergman A, Olsson M. Pathology of b
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Muir D, Norstrom RJ. Geographical d
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Wiig Ø, Gjertz I, Hansson R, Thoma
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Key words: polar bear, Ursus mariti
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2. Materials and methods 2.1 Sampli
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2.3 Age Determination The age deter
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No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
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Table 4 Results (test and p-values)
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Table 6 Results from F-tests (p-val
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(oxy-chlordane, trans-chlordane, ci
Page 111 and 112:
Also Pertoldi et al. (1997) investi
Page 113 and 114: study could not document a relation
Page 115 and 116: Lie E, Bernhoft A, Riget FF, Beliko
Page 117 and 118: function in harbour seals (Phoca vi
Page 119 and 120: (p=0.94). Negative correlation betw
Page 121 and 122: Osteodensitometry X-ray osteodensit
Page 123 and 124: Figure 2 BMD (g cm 2 ) in skulls fr
Page 125 and 126: Table 3 Significant results from th
Page 127 and 128: 2003) and plasma retinol and thyroi
Page 129 and 130: Comiso JC. 2002. A rapidly declinin
Page 131 and 132: Manalagas SC, Jilka RJ. 1995. Bone
Page 133 and 134: Valentine DW, Soulé M. 1973. Effec
Page 135 and 136: have the potential for adverse heal
Page 137 and 138: Dioxin-like contaminants Extraction
Page 139 and 140: Concentration 9000 8000 7000 6000 5
Page 141 and 142: Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
Page 143 and 144: Polischuk, S. C., R. J. Letcher, R.
Page 145 and 146: Paper IV Liver histology of free-ra
Page 147 and 148: Histology All tissue samples were t
Page 149 and 150: Figure 1 Hepatic lipid accumulation
Page 151 and 152: Figure 2 Left: Portal mononuclear c
Page 153 and 154: Relationship between histology and
Page 155 and 156: kinson 1996). Due to these mechanis
Page 157 and 158: sues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessm
Page 159 and 160: van Duursen, M.B.M., Sanderson, J.
Page 161 and 162: Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
Page 163: Briefly, ∑PCBs is the sum (s) of
Page 167 and 168: Figure 3 Tubular cell proliferation
Page 169 and 170: Hyalin casts Hyalin casts were eval
Page 171 and 172: Figure 6 Hyperemia (arrows) in the
Page 173 and 174: al., 2003). We did not find such a
Page 175 and 176: ANDERSEN, M., E. LIE, A. E. DEROCHE
Page 177 and 178: LUROSS, J. M., M. ALAEE, D. B. SERG
Page 179 and 180: organic mercury in liver and kidney
Page 181 and 182: Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
Page 183 and 184: Macroscopic examination of reproduc
Page 185 and 186: Results and discussion The female p
Page 187 and 188: SC II PC/LC Figure 2 The histology
Page 189 and 190: The relatively low levels of analys
Page 191 and 192: (Table 4), and we therefore conclud
Page 193 and 194: Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
Page 195 and 196: Letcher RJ, Klasson-Wehler E, Bergm
Page 197 and 198: Swart RL, Ross PS, Vedder LJ, Timme
Page 199 and 200: 10. Heier, A., C. Sonne, A. Gröne,
Page 201 and 202: crine organs and skulls in the East
Page 203: To investigate the relation between
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