Organohalogen concentrations and a gross and histologic ...

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National Environmental Research Institute The National Environmental Research Institute, NERI, is a research institute of the Ministry of the Environment. In Danish, NERI is called Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser (DMU). NERI’s tasks are primarily to conduct research, collect data, and give advice on problems related to the environment and nature. Addresses: URL: http://www.dmu.dk National Environmental Research Institute Management Frederiksborgvej 399 Personnel and Economy Secretariat PO Box 358 Monitoring, Research and Advice Secretariat DK-4000 Roskilde Department of Policy Analysis Denmark Department of Atmospheric Environ ment Tel: +45 46 30 12 00 Department of Marine Ecology Fax: +45 46 30 11 14 Department of Environmental Chemistry and Microbiology Department of Arctic Environment National Environmental Research Institute Monitoring, Research and Advice Secretariat Vejlsøvej 25 Department of Marine Ecology PO Box 314 Department of Terrestrial Ecology DK-8600 Silkeborg Department of Freshwater Ecology Denmark Tel: +45 89 20 14 00 Fax: +45 89 20 14 14 National Environmental Research Institute Department of Wildlife Ecology and Biodiversity Grenåvej 12-14, Kalø Department of Policy Analysis DK-8410 Rønde Denmark Tel: +45 89 20 17 00 Fax: +45 89 20 15 15 Publications: NERI publishes professional reports, technical instructions, and an annual report in Danish. A R&D projects’ catalogue is available in an electronic version on the World Wide Web. Included in the annual report is a list of the publications from the current year.
To investigate the relation between biological parameters, not earlier investigated in the polar bear, and organohalogen pollution in East Greenland polar bears, we initiated a sampling of adipose tissue, internal organs and skulls from more than 100 free-ranging polar bears killed by local subsistence hunters from Central East Greenland (69°00’N to 74°00’N) during 1999-2002. The present thesis exposes the first and most important results from this large multidisciplinary study of this material, and evaluates the possible connection between the relatively high levels of organohalogens in the adipose tissue and pathological changes in skulls and internal organs. Our results suggested a decrease in adipose tissue concentrations of organohalogens in East Greenland polar bears from 1990 to 1999-2001. Two of the biological effect parameters (FA and enlarged clitoris) did not indicate a link to the relatively high levels of organohalogens. But, there was indications of strong relationships between various organohalogen compounds and skull mineral density indicating disruption of the bone mineral composition. The histopathological changes found in liver- and kidney tissue were a result of ageing, infectious agents, season and meaby chronic exposure to organohalogens. These result fill out an existing knowledge gap in potential effects of environmental, organic contaminants on fluctuating asymmetry, bone mineral density and functional anatomy (histology) in the polar bear. In addition, the results may have a large social importance for Inuits as well. National Environmental Research Institute ISBN 87-7772-827-0 Ministry of the Environment Organohalogen concentrations and a gross and histologic assessment of multiple organ systems in East Greenland polar bears
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National Environmental Research Ins
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National Environmental Research Ins
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Contents Summary 7 Resumé 11 Prefa
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Paper III-b Periodontitis and tooth
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Summary Marine mammals in the Arcti
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elations between histological chang
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Resumé Betydelige mængder svært
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signifikante relationer blev fundet
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Preface Since ca. 1960 signficant a
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Acquarone, Poul Johansen and Inge B
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Abbreviations ∑ Sum of congeners
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Introduction Study area and samplin
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content and composition) varying wi
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Of the PCBs found in the East Green
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son Bay bears while the difference
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Individual levels and biological ef
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No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
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temperature extremes and/or food av
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Chapter 3 Bone mineral density and
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BMD analysed by DXA reflects the ar
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Table 4 Range in the levels (ng/g l
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Chapter 4 Liver histology of East G
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Table 7 Levels of ∑-PCBs, ∑-DDT
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Frequency (%) 100 80 60 40 20 Sever
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Effects of PBBs (PolyBrominated Bip
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Etiology and pathogenesis E Figure
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common sign (Acland 1995, Feldman 1
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Conclusions and final assessments O
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of CYP-450 activity that impact cir
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Regarding renal tissue, we will try
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Bernhoft, A., Ø. Wiig and J. U. Sk
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Feldman, E. C. (1995): Hyperadrenoc
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(eds.): Ringed seals in the North A
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McCormack, K. M., W. M. Kluwe, V. L
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Rosing-Asvid, A., E. W. Born and M.
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Valentino, R., S. Savastano, A. P.
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Paper I Seasonal and temporal trend
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eproductive rates of seals in the B
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concentrations of the 41 individual
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Figure 1 Capture locations of the p
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Table 4 Results of ANOVAs (F-value
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Long-Term Temporal Changes in OC Co
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Discussion Geographical Variation i
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sen et al. (2001) studied the trend
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higher than reported in other studi
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Bergman A, Olsson M. Pathology of b
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Muir D, Norstrom RJ. Geographical d
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Wiig Ø, Gjertz I, Hansson R, Thoma
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Key words: polar bear, Ursus mariti
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2. Materials and methods 2.1 Sampli
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2.3 Age Determination The age deter
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No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
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Table 4 Results (test and p-values)
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Table 6 Results from F-tests (p-val
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(oxy-chlordane, trans-chlordane, ci
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Also Pertoldi et al. (1997) investi
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study could not document a relation
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Lie E, Bernhoft A, Riget FF, Beliko
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function in harbour seals (Phoca vi
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(p=0.94). Negative correlation betw
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Osteodensitometry X-ray osteodensit
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Figure 2 BMD (g cm 2 ) in skulls fr
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Table 3 Significant results from th
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2003) and plasma retinol and thyroi
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Comiso JC. 2002. A rapidly declinin
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Manalagas SC, Jilka RJ. 1995. Bone
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Valentine DW, Soulé M. 1973. Effec
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have the potential for adverse heal
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Dioxin-like contaminants Extraction
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Concentration 9000 8000 7000 6000 5
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Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
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Polischuk, S. C., R. J. Letcher, R.
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Paper IV Liver histology of free-ra
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Histology All tissue samples were t
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Figure 1 Hepatic lipid accumulation
Page 151 and 152: Figure 2 Left: Portal mononuclear c
Page 153 and 154: Relationship between histology and
Page 155 and 156: kinson 1996). Due to these mechanis
Page 157 and 158: sues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessm
Page 159 and 160: van Duursen, M.B.M., Sanderson, J.
Page 161 and 162: Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
Page 163 and 164: Briefly, ∑PCBs is the sum (s) of
Page 165 and 166: Figure 1 Bottom: example of glomeru
Page 167 and 168: Figure 3 Tubular cell proliferation
Page 169 and 170: Hyalin casts Hyalin casts were eval
Page 171 and 172: Figure 6 Hyperemia (arrows) in the
Page 173 and 174: al., 2003). We did not find such a
Page 175 and 176: ANDERSEN, M., E. LIE, A. E. DEROCHE
Page 177 and 178: LUROSS, J. M., M. ALAEE, D. B. SERG
Page 179 and 180: organic mercury in liver and kidney
Page 181 and 182: Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
Page 183 and 184: Macroscopic examination of reproduc
Page 185 and 186: Results and discussion The female p
Page 187 and 188: SC II PC/LC Figure 2 The histology
Page 189 and 190: The relatively low levels of analys
Page 191 and 192: (Table 4), and we therefore conclud
Page 193 and 194: Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
Page 195 and 196: Letcher RJ, Klasson-Wehler E, Bergm
Page 197 and 198: Swart RL, Ross PS, Vedder LJ, Timme
Page 199 and 200: 10. Heier, A., C. Sonne, A. Gröne,
Page 201: crine organs and skulls in the East
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