Organohalogen concentrations and a gross and histologic ...

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Table 2 Mean and SD of organochlorine concentrations (ng/g lw) in polar bears from Ittoqqortoormiit/Scoresby Sound (1999-2001). 78 ΣPCB ΣCBz ΣHCH ΣDDT Group n Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Subadult 50 6470 2980 158 103 198 75 462 227 Adult females 25 8240 5820 100 81 263 269 462 324 Adult males 16 9100 3560 187 252 218 67 559 441 ΣCHL Mirex Dieldrin %Lipid Group n Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Subadult 50 2010 1110 4.08 6.20 218 107 92.9 5.62 Adult females 25 2220 1540 2.79 5.10 208 73 85.4 18.66 Adult males 16 1710 763 6.59 11.20 245 231 84.9 7.30 Table 3 Average percent distribution of the individual PCB congeners, CHLs, DDTs and HCHs in polar bears from Ittoqqortoormiit/Scoresby Sound (1999-2001) based on concentrations in ng/g lipid weight. Based on 92 analysed animals (See Table 1). Group Compound (%) PCBs: CB31/28 (0.6) CB52 (0.2) CB49 (
Table 4 Results of ANOVAs (F-value and significance (p)) of Type III sum of squares with logarithmic transformed concentrations of OC in polar bears from Scoresby Sound (1999-2001) as dependent variable and the factors: Sex, age group and month (M), and their interactions. Compound Age/sex Month Interaction F p F p F p ΣPCBs 2.29 0.109 2.13 0.061 0.87 0.561 ΣDDTs 0.68 0.511 4.36 0.001 0.95 0.491 ΣHCHs 0.46 0.634 4.21 0.001 2.54 0.011 ΣCHLs 1.00 0.372 0.57 0.752 1.15 0.336 ΣCBzs 6.18 0.003 1.28 0.280 1.70 0.098 Dieldrin 0.56 0.573 1.18 0.330 1.17 0.324 OC Concentrations in Relation to Sex, Age and Season Adult males had highest ΣCBs, ΣCBzs, ΣDDTs, mirex and dieldrin concentrations. In contrast, concentrations of ΣHCHs in adult males were lower than those in females , and concentrations of ΣCHLs were lower than in both subadults and adult females. ΣCBz concentrations differed significantly (at 5% level) among sexes and age groups, whereas ΣHCH and ΣDDT concentrations differed significantly between months. Monthly difference in ΣCB concentration was close to the level of significance (p=0.061) (Table 4). The interaction factor was only significant for HCHs, which indicates a different monthly pattern for the age/sex groups (Table 4). Although month, sex and age group were found to be significant for only a few OC classes, the general pattern of OC concentrations analysed by MANOVA was significantly different between months and between sexes and age groups (Wilks λ, p=0.0002 and p=0.0005, respectively; results not tabulated). ΣCB, ΣHCH and ΣCHL concentrations showed rather similar monthly patterns, with high variability in adult females and relatively constant levels in adult males and subadults (Fig. 2). The concentrations in females appeared to be highest in March and lowest in January or September. ΣCHLs and dieldrin concentrations showed variability in all three groups, also with a maximum for adult females occuring in March. For ΣCBzs in adult males and subadults the maxima were seen in April-July. Dieldrin concentrations peaked in April-July in subadults, but not before August in adult males. ΣDDT levels increased from January to a maximum in late summer both for adult males, adult females and subadults. This indicates that the concentration of some OC compounds vary seasonally in a similar manner, whilst others do not. In order to test which OCs varied seasonally in a similar manner, the data was reorganised in such a way that the dependent variable was the logarithmically transformed concentrations and the class variables became the organochlorine compounds, the months and the age/sex groups. An ANOVA was performed including these three factors and all first order interactions. As expected from the previous analysis and deduced from Fig. 2, all main factors and interactions were significant (Table 5). However, when ΣDDTs were removed from the analysis the interaction between month and organochlorine compound was no longer significant (p=0.25, Table 5). This indicated that the monthly patterns seen for the other OCs (ΣCBs, ΣHCHs, ΣCHLs, ΣCBzs and dieldrin) were not significantly different. However, the monthly pattern still differed significantly among sexes and age groups as shown by the significant compound-group interaction. 79
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National Environmental Research Ins
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National Environmental Research Ins
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Contents Summary 7 Resumé 11 Prefa
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Paper III-b Periodontitis and tooth
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Summary Marine mammals in the Arcti
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elations between histological chang
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Resumé Betydelige mængder svært
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signifikante relationer blev fundet
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Preface Since ca. 1960 signficant a
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Acquarone, Poul Johansen and Inge B
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Abbreviations ∑ Sum of congeners
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Introduction Study area and samplin
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content and composition) varying wi
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Of the PCBs found in the East Green
Page 29 and 30: son Bay bears while the difference
Page 31 and 32: Individual levels and biological ef
Page 33 and 34: No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
Page 35 and 36: temperature extremes and/or food av
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3 Bone mineral density and
Page 39 and 40: BMD analysed by DXA reflects the ar
Page 41 and 42: Table 4 Range in the levels (ng/g l
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 4 Liver histology of East G
Page 45 and 46: Table 7 Levels of ∑-PCBs, ∑-DDT
Page 47 and 48: Frequency (%) 100 80 60 40 20 Sever
Page 49 and 50: Effects of PBBs (PolyBrominated Bip
Page 51 and 52: Etiology and pathogenesis E Figure
Page 53 and 54: common sign (Acland 1995, Feldman 1
Page 55 and 56: Conclusions and final assessments O
Page 57 and 58: of CYP-450 activity that impact cir
Page 59 and 60: Regarding renal tissue, we will try
Page 61 and 62: Bernhoft, A., Ø. Wiig and J. U. Sk
Page 63 and 64: Feldman, E. C. (1995): Hyperadrenoc
Page 65 and 66: (eds.): Ringed seals in the North A
Page 67 and 68: McCormack, K. M., W. M. Kluwe, V. L
Page 69 and 70: Rosing-Asvid, A., E. W. Born and M.
Page 71 and 72: Valentino, R., S. Savastano, A. P.
Page 73 and 74: Paper I Seasonal and temporal trend
Page 75 and 76: eproductive rates of seals in the B
Page 77 and 78: concentrations of the 41 individual
Page 79: Figure 1 Capture locations of the p
Page 83 and 84: Long-Term Temporal Changes in OC Co
Page 85 and 86: Discussion Geographical Variation i
Page 87 and 88: sen et al. (2001) studied the trend
Page 89 and 90: higher than reported in other studi
Page 91 and 92: Bergman A, Olsson M. Pathology of b
Page 93 and 94: Muir D, Norstrom RJ. Geographical d
Page 95 and 96: Wiig Ø, Gjertz I, Hansson R, Thoma
Page 97 and 98: Key words: polar bear, Ursus mariti
Page 99 and 100: 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Sampli
Page 101 and 102: 2.3 Age Determination The age deter
Page 103 and 104: No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
Page 105 and 106: Table 4 Results (test and p-values)
Page 107 and 108: Table 6 Results from F-tests (p-val
Page 109 and 110: (oxy-chlordane, trans-chlordane, ci
Page 111 and 112: Also Pertoldi et al. (1997) investi
Page 113 and 114: study could not document a relation
Page 115 and 116: Lie E, Bernhoft A, Riget FF, Beliko
Page 117 and 118: function in harbour seals (Phoca vi
Page 119 and 120: (p=0.94). Negative correlation betw
Page 121 and 122: Osteodensitometry X-ray osteodensit
Page 123 and 124: Figure 2 BMD (g cm 2 ) in skulls fr
Page 125 and 126: Table 3 Significant results from th
Page 127 and 128: 2003) and plasma retinol and thyroi
Page 129 and 130: Comiso JC. 2002. A rapidly declinin
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Manalagas SC, Jilka RJ. 1995. Bone
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Valentine DW, Soulé M. 1973. Effec
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have the potential for adverse heal
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Dioxin-like contaminants Extraction
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Concentration 9000 8000 7000 6000 5
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Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
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Polischuk, S. C., R. J. Letcher, R.
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Paper IV Liver histology of free-ra
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Histology All tissue samples were t
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Figure 1 Hepatic lipid accumulation
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Figure 2 Left: Portal mononuclear c
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Relationship between histology and
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kinson 1996). Due to these mechanis
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sues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessm
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van Duursen, M.B.M., Sanderson, J.
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Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
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Briefly, ∑PCBs is the sum (s) of
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Figure 1 Bottom: example of glomeru
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Figure 3 Tubular cell proliferation
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Hyalin casts Hyalin casts were eval
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Figure 6 Hyperemia (arrows) in the
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al., 2003). We did not find such a
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ANDERSEN, M., E. LIE, A. E. DEROCHE
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LUROSS, J. M., M. ALAEE, D. B. SERG
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organic mercury in liver and kidney
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Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
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Macroscopic examination of reproduc
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Results and discussion The female p
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SC II PC/LC Figure 2 The histology
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The relatively low levels of analys
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(Table 4), and we therefore conclud
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Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
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Letcher RJ, Klasson-Wehler E, Bergm
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Swart RL, Ross PS, Vedder LJ, Timme
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10. Heier, A., C. Sonne, A. Gröne,
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crine organs and skulls in the East
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To investigate the relation between
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