THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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was obtained as described in Section 4.2. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, Aeroxide P25 (diameter ~21 nm), and P90 (diameter ~14 nm) with mixed anatase and rutile crystal structures, was kindly donated by Evonik Industries (Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany). Both these types of TiO2 were of the same product line for applications of exploiting photocatalytic effects. 7.3 METHODS 7.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATION The formulation of blend films contained SPI (100 parts), water (70 parts), glycerol (50 parts) and varying amounts of additives at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.5% (w/wSPI). Samples are labeled according to additive and concentration with extracted soy microfibers, titanium dioxide, and fiber/titanium blends denoted as F, Ti, and TiF respectively (Example: F0.25 reflects a specimen containing 0.25g of fiber and 100g of SPI). Preliminary experiments were carried out to determine the concentration and type of TiO2 (P25 or P90) that were to be used in the TiF blended films. For the TiF specimens, TiO2 concentration was maintained at 0.25% (w/wSPI) while the number labeled reflected the concentration of fibers added (Example: TiF0.5 reflects a specimen containing 0.25% TiO2 and 0.5% fiber (w/wSPI)). Prior to power mixing (SM-55 Stand Mixer, Cuisinart, Canada), additives were premixed with water and glycerol using a rotor/stator homogenizer for 5 min at 30,000 rpm (PowerGen Model 1000, Fisher Scientific, Ottawa, ON, Canada). Protein sheets were conditioned for 1 week in 43, 58, and 84% RH at 25°C using saturated salt solutions before testing. 90
7.3.2 COMPOUNDING AND EXTRUSION Compounding and extrusion were done as in Section 4.3.2. 7.3.3 OPTICAL MICROSCOPY ANALYSIS Optical microscopy micrographs were obtained using a polarized filter lens (Model BX60 F5, Olympic Optical Co. LTD, Japan). Microscopy of SPI films was completed using samples equilibrated at 58% relative humidity. 7.3.4 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Tensile strength (TS), percentage elongation at break (EAB) and elastic modulus (EM) were measured as described in Section 4.3.4. 7.3.5 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analysis of reported data was performed as described in Section 4.3.9. 91
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A Study on the Extrusion of Soy Pro
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My research would
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4.3.9 Statistical Analysis.........
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Compariso
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Figure 5.2: Light optical microscop
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1.0 INTRODUCTION The production of
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einforcement material. Research int
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via centrifugation into four fracti
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zones are synonymous to feeding, tr
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Ralston (2008) investigated the ext
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onding between hydroxyl groups and
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Table 2.2: Summary of cellulose par
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through the use of enzymes have pro
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matrix such as soy protein (Wang et
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4) Explore the extraction process f
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4.3 METHODS 4.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
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a Figure 4.2: a) Schematic of extru
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length at break by the initial grip
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4.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SP
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Further experiments were carried ou
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Figure 4.5: Film with rough texture
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extrusion screw to continuously bre
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stopped which fixes the spherical s
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4.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Mechani
Page 49 and 50: Elongation at break (%) Figure 4.10
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.5: Water vapor permeability
Page 53 and 54: 4.4.5 FTIR ANALYSIS The main absorb
Page 55 and 56: 4.4.6 CONCLUSION The extrusion of S
Page 57 and 58: 5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 CELLULOSE EXTRACT
Page 59 and 60: For mechanical treatments, the obta
Page 61 and 62: initial soy biomass; SNF and SMF. T
Page 63 and 64: compiled by Moon et al. (2011), thi
Page 65 and 66: RSH: 5min HPH: 20 passes, 4000 - 60
Page 67 and 68: SMF micrographs, the presence of fi
Page 69 and 70: process as described. However, it m
Page 71 and 72: a peak at 22.6° is representative
Page 73 and 74: chemical and mechanical treatment h
Page 75 and 76: 6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
Page 77 and 78: 6.3.3 FILM CONDITIONING Similar to
Page 79 and 80: increased in size. At fiber concent
Page 81 and 82: 6.4.2 MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE Due
Page 83 and 84: SEM images of the cryo-fractured su
Page 85 and 86: Table 6.1: Mechanical properties of
Page 87 and 88: cellulose and SPI. This high interf
Page 89 and 90: concentrations at isolated sites. A
Page 91 and 92: Similar to Section 4.4.5, dominatin
Page 93 and 94: Further analysis of the Amide II ba
Page 95 and 96: specimens that have been cryo-crush
Page 97 and 98: crushing. Conversely, this could al
Page 99: 7.0 EXPLORATORY WORK WITH TIO 2 NAN
Page 103 and 104: smaller size of P90, the ability to
Page 105 and 106: Table 7.1: Mechanical Strength of T
Page 107 and 108: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 120 110
Page 109 and 110: (21 nm) particle was seen to have a
Page 111 and 112: 7.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TIO2
Page 113 and 114: Tensile Strenght (MPa) 12 11 10 9 8
Page 115 and 116: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 200 180
Page 117 and 118: 8.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 119 and 120: The viability of introducing a comp
Page 121 and 122: acting as a coupling agent for furt
Page 123 and 124: Cherian BM, Leao AL, Souza SFD, Tho
Page 125 and 126: Kacurakova M, Capek P, Sasinkova V,
Page 127 and 128: Pääkkö M, Ankerfors M, Kosonen H
Page 129: Wang N, Ding E, Cheng R (2008) Prep
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THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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