THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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although drastic changes were not observed, cellulose addition at optimal concentrations would interact with the surrounding SPI matrix changing material properties. Figure 6.12: Enlarged FTIR spectra of SPI/Cellulose blend film comparison focusing on the Amide III band. Absorbance 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.2 0.19 1270 MSF2.5 MSF1.0 MSF0.5 MSF0.25 SNF0.25 SPI 1260 6.4.5 WAXD ANALYSIS 1250 1240 The WAXD patterns of all SPI/cellulose blend films, SPI control and cellulose fibers are shown in Figure 6.13 and Figure 6.14. Figure 6.13 illustrates WAXD pattern obtained from unprocessed film specimens, whereas Figure 6.14 illustrates WAXD patterns obtained from 84 1230 Wavenumber (cm -1 ) 1220 1210 1200
specimens that have been cryo-crushed using liquid nitrogen with a mortar and pestle. Extruded SPI base film showed two dominant amorphous peaks near 2Ɵ = 9 and 19.5° which correlate with literature findings of casted SPI films (Luo et al. 2008; Wu et al. 2009). With the addition of fiber, some specimens (SNF0.25, SMF0.25, and SMF1.0) showed a disappearance of the peak at 2Ɵ = 9°. Luo et al. (2008) have also had similar findings with transparent SPI/cellulose blend films created by complete dissolution of the both polymers. Since chemical dissolution should result in greater interactions, this may suggest that a disappearance of this peak could highlight interaction between SPI and cellulose. This would correlate with previous findings except for SMF1.0 where the trend does not fit. However, there might be other interactions independent of mechanical strength that was overlooked which affected crystallinity of the blend films. 85
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A Study on the Extrusion of Soy Pro
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My research would
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4.3.9 Statistical Analysis.........
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Compariso
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Figure 5.2: Light optical microscop
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1.0 INTRODUCTION The production of
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einforcement material. Research int
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via centrifugation into four fracti
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zones are synonymous to feeding, tr
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Ralston (2008) investigated the ext
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onding between hydroxyl groups and
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Table 2.2: Summary of cellulose par
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through the use of enzymes have pro
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matrix such as soy protein (Wang et
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4) Explore the extraction process f
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4.3 METHODS 4.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
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a Figure 4.2: a) Schematic of extru
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length at break by the initial grip
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4.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SP
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Further experiments were carried ou
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Figure 4.5: Film with rough texture
Page 43 and 44: extrusion screw to continuously bre
Page 45 and 46: stopped which fixes the spherical s
Page 47 and 48: 4.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Mechani
Page 49 and 50: Elongation at break (%) Figure 4.10
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.5: Water vapor permeability
Page 53 and 54: 4.4.5 FTIR ANALYSIS The main absorb
Page 55 and 56: 4.4.6 CONCLUSION The extrusion of S
Page 57 and 58: 5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 CELLULOSE EXTRACT
Page 59 and 60: For mechanical treatments, the obta
Page 61 and 62: initial soy biomass; SNF and SMF. T
Page 63 and 64: compiled by Moon et al. (2011), thi
Page 65 and 66: RSH: 5min HPH: 20 passes, 4000 - 60
Page 67 and 68: SMF micrographs, the presence of fi
Page 69 and 70: process as described. However, it m
Page 71 and 72: a peak at 22.6° is representative
Page 73 and 74: chemical and mechanical treatment h
Page 75 and 76: 6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
Page 77 and 78: 6.3.3 FILM CONDITIONING Similar to
Page 79 and 80: increased in size. At fiber concent
Page 81 and 82: 6.4.2 MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE Due
Page 83 and 84: SEM images of the cryo-fractured su
Page 85 and 86: Table 6.1: Mechanical properties of
Page 87 and 88: cellulose and SPI. This high interf
Page 89 and 90: concentrations at isolated sites. A
Page 91 and 92: Similar to Section 4.4.5, dominatin
Page 93: Further analysis of the Amide II ba
Page 97 and 98: crushing. Conversely, this could al
Page 99 and 100: 7.0 EXPLORATORY WORK WITH TIO 2 NAN
Page 101 and 102: 7.3.2 COMPOUNDING AND EXTRUSION Com
Page 103 and 104: smaller size of P90, the ability to
Page 105 and 106: Table 7.1: Mechanical Strength of T
Page 107 and 108: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 120 110
Page 109 and 110: (21 nm) particle was seen to have a
Page 111 and 112: 7.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TIO2
Page 113 and 114: Tensile Strenght (MPa) 12 11 10 9 8
Page 115 and 116: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 200 180
Page 117 and 118: 8.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 119 and 120: The viability of introducing a comp
Page 121 and 122: acting as a coupling agent for furt
Page 123 and 124: Cherian BM, Leao AL, Souza SFD, Tho
Page 125 and 126: Kacurakova M, Capek P, Sasinkova V,
Page 127 and 128: Pääkkö M, Ankerfors M, Kosonen H
Page 129: Wang N, Ding E, Cheng R (2008) Prep
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THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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