THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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SPI SMF0.5 SNF0.25 Figure 6.5: SEM micrographs of SPI/Cellulose blend films. 6.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Mechanical properties of cellulose/SPI blend films across RH levels of 43, 58, and 84% are summarized in Table 6.1. The independent properties of tensile strength, elongation, and elastic modulus are graphically displayed in Figure 6.6, Figure 6.7, and Figure 6.8 74 SMF0.25 SMF1.0 SMF2.5
Table 6.1: Mechanical properties of SPI/cellulose extruded films with respect to fiber content and relative humidity Relative Ultimate Tensile Modulus of Humidity Specimen Strength Elongation Elasticity (%) (MPa) (%) (MPa) 43 Control 6.51 ± 0.15 a 43 SNF 0.25 6.82 ± 0.14 b 43 SMF 0.25 6.91 ± 0.07 b 43 SMF 0.5 6.34 ± 0.11 a 43 SMF 1 6.00 ± 0.21 c 43 SMF 2.5 5.02 ± 0.08 d 75 222.53 ± 0.25 a,b 195.68 ± 0.20 a,b 208.67 ± 0.18 a,b 238.27 ± 0.21 a,b 168.75 ± 0.11 b,c 111.84 ± 0.36 c 65.55 ± 3.56 a 79.68 ± 6.51 b,c 85.26 ± 5.14 c 59.71 ± 3.50 a 70.72 ± 9.03 a,b 62.73 ± 4.40 a 58 Control 4.96 ± 0.18 a,b 212.75 ± 20.00 a,b 41.02 ± 5.78 a,b 58 SNF 0.25 5.43 ± 0.13 b,c 233.17 ± 20.49 b 46.47 ± 3.29 a 58 SMF 0.25 5.54 ± 0.46 c 190.75 ± 23.35 a 48.08 ± 6.70 a 58 SMF 0.5 4.73 ± 0.11 a 228.27 ± 14.51 b 36.81 ± 3.78 b 58 SMF 1 4.72 ± 0.25 a 187.01 ± 15.72 a 41.79 ± 4.23 a,b 58 SMF 2.5 4.84 ± 0.29 a 103.49 ± 10.73 c 46.31 ± 2.13 a 84 Control 3.91 ± 0.20 a,b 211.43 ± 34.29 a,b 23.36 ± 3.45 a 84 SNF 0.25 4.39 ± 0.12 b 242.00 ± 23.45 b 30.90 ± 2.54 a 84 SMF 0.25 5.64 ± 0.41 c 183.70 ± 18.08 a 45.21 ± 7.72 b 84 SMF 0.5 4.33 ± 0.11 b 212.34 ± 18.66 a,b 27.43 ± 3.03 a 84 SMF 1 4.23 ± 0.26 a,b 169.33 ± 18.90 a 29.09 ± 3.26 a 84 SMF 2.5 3.75 ± 0.38 a 118.85 ± 26.83 c 29.27 ± 1.52 a For each relative humidity, means with different letters in the same column are significantly different (N=5, Tukey’s HSD, p-value < 0.05) Similar to findings from Section 4.3.4, a negative correlation between ultimate tensile strength and relative humidity can be seen (Figure 6.6). This relationship is a common problem experienced by current research into protein films (Hernandez-Izquierdo and Krochta 2008; Song et al. 2011; Zhang and Mittal 2010; Zhang et al. 2001). The hydrophilic nature of the protein is responsible for the weakening of the protein structure. As water is a natural plasticizing agent, increased water content would allow for increased protein chain mobility leading to a weakening in tensile strength (Zhang et al. 2001).
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A Study on the Extrusion of Soy Pro
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My research would
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4.3.9 Statistical Analysis.........
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Compariso
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Figure 5.2: Light optical microscop
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1.0 INTRODUCTION The production of
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einforcement material. Research int
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via centrifugation into four fracti
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zones are synonymous to feeding, tr
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Ralston (2008) investigated the ext
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onding between hydroxyl groups and
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Table 2.2: Summary of cellulose par
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through the use of enzymes have pro
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matrix such as soy protein (Wang et
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4) Explore the extraction process f
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4.3 METHODS 4.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
Page 33 and 34: a Figure 4.2: a) Schematic of extru
Page 35 and 36: length at break by the initial grip
Page 37 and 38: 4.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SP
Page 39 and 40: Further experiments were carried ou
Page 41 and 42: Figure 4.5: Film with rough texture
Page 43 and 44: extrusion screw to continuously bre
Page 45 and 46: stopped which fixes the spherical s
Page 47 and 48: 4.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Mechani
Page 49 and 50: Elongation at break (%) Figure 4.10
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.5: Water vapor permeability
Page 53 and 54: 4.4.5 FTIR ANALYSIS The main absorb
Page 55 and 56: 4.4.6 CONCLUSION The extrusion of S
Page 57 and 58: 5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 CELLULOSE EXTRACT
Page 59 and 60: For mechanical treatments, the obta
Page 61 and 62: initial soy biomass; SNF and SMF. T
Page 63 and 64: compiled by Moon et al. (2011), thi
Page 65 and 66: RSH: 5min HPH: 20 passes, 4000 - 60
Page 67 and 68: SMF micrographs, the presence of fi
Page 69 and 70: process as described. However, it m
Page 71 and 72: a peak at 22.6° is representative
Page 73 and 74: chemical and mechanical treatment h
Page 75 and 76: 6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
Page 77 and 78: 6.3.3 FILM CONDITIONING Similar to
Page 79 and 80: increased in size. At fiber concent
Page 81 and 82: 6.4.2 MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE Due
Page 83: SEM images of the cryo-fractured su
Page 87 and 88: cellulose and SPI. This high interf
Page 89 and 90: concentrations at isolated sites. A
Page 91 and 92: Similar to Section 4.4.5, dominatin
Page 93 and 94: Further analysis of the Amide II ba
Page 95 and 96: specimens that have been cryo-crush
Page 97 and 98: crushing. Conversely, this could al
Page 99 and 100: 7.0 EXPLORATORY WORK WITH TIO 2 NAN
Page 101 and 102: 7.3.2 COMPOUNDING AND EXTRUSION Com
Page 103 and 104: smaller size of P90, the ability to
Page 105 and 106: Table 7.1: Mechanical Strength of T
Page 107 and 108: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 120 110
Page 109 and 110: (21 nm) particle was seen to have a
Page 111 and 112: 7.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TIO2
Page 113 and 114: Tensile Strenght (MPa) 12 11 10 9 8
Page 115 and 116: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 200 180
Page 117 and 118: 8.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 119 and 120: The viability of introducing a comp
Page 121 and 122: acting as a coupling agent for furt
Page 123 and 124: Cherian BM, Leao AL, Souza SFD, Tho
Page 125 and 126: Kacurakova M, Capek P, Sasinkova V,
Page 127 and 128: Pääkkö M, Ankerfors M, Kosonen H
Page 129: Wang N, Ding E, Cheng R (2008) Prep
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