THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Modulus of Elasticity (Mpa) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 43% RH 60% RH 84% RH 0 CNF 0.25 CF 0.25 CF 0.5 CF 1 CF 2.5 Fiber Content (% w/w SPI) Figure 6.7: Modulus of Elasticity with respect to fiber content and relative humidity Figure 6.8 displays the percent elongation at break for all composite films. The change in relative humidity can be seen to have no significant effect on the performance of elongation. The values and level of decrease observed were very similar across all levels of relative humidity. However, it is noted that a higher variability of results were experienced with higher RH of 84%. The weakening of microscopic defects of the films was exaggerated leading to more inconsistencies at film failure. Increasing fiber concentrations resulted with no significant effects on elongation. Films with the addition of fiber up to 1% w/w fiber/SPI, all resulted in similar elongation values of ranging from 168.75 ± 0.11 to 242.00 ± 23.45%. The significant difference was observed with the maximum loading of fibers with SMF2.5 specimens where elongation values decreased across all three levels of RH from 103.49 ± 10.73 to 118.85 ± 26.83%. This drastic decrease in elongation may be caused by the defects seen in the micrographs. In addition, the formation of aggregates spread throughout the films would increase stress 78
concentrations at isolated sites. A reduced surface area of aggregates would also lead to a decrease in interfacial interaction. Films harboring these flaws under tension would ultimately result in premature failure. Elongation at Break (%) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 43% RH 60% RH 84% RH 0 CNF 0.25 CF 0.25 CF 0.5 CF 1 CF 2.5 Fiber Content (% w/w SPI) Figure 6.8: Elongation with respect to fiber content and relative humidity These results suggest that the optimal fiber loading for the extracted cellulose should be around 0.25%. This can be attributed to the lack of aggregates present in combination with homogenous dispersion of fibers observed. With even mixing, load transfers upon tension on plastic film could be applied to the stronger cellulose fibers for enhanced reinforcement. Evidence of strong interactions between cellulose and SPI was suggested through the results and does concur with current literature. However, marked improvement on mechanical properties was mainly hindered by the natural self-association of cellulose fibers. 79
Page 1 and 2:
A Study on the Extrusion of Soy Pro
Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My research would
Page 5 and 6:
4.3.9 Statistical Analysis.........
Page 7 and 8:
LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Compariso
Page 9 and 10:
Figure 5.2: Light optical microscop
Page 11 and 12:
1.0 INTRODUCTION The production of
Page 13 and 14:
einforcement material. Research int
Page 15 and 16:
via centrifugation into four fracti
Page 17 and 18:
zones are synonymous to feeding, tr
Page 19 and 20:
Ralston (2008) investigated the ext
Page 21 and 22:
onding between hydroxyl groups and
Page 23 and 24:
Table 2.2: Summary of cellulose par
Page 25 and 26:
through the use of enzymes have pro
Page 27 and 28:
matrix such as soy protein (Wang et
Page 29 and 30:
4) Explore the extraction process f
Page 31 and 32:
4.3 METHODS 4.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
Page 33 and 34:
a Figure 4.2: a) Schematic of extru
Page 35 and 36:
length at break by the initial grip
Page 37 and 38: 4.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SP
Page 39 and 40: Further experiments were carried ou
Page 41 and 42: Figure 4.5: Film with rough texture
Page 43 and 44: extrusion screw to continuously bre
Page 45 and 46: stopped which fixes the spherical s
Page 47 and 48: 4.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Mechani
Page 49 and 50: Elongation at break (%) Figure 4.10
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.5: Water vapor permeability
Page 53 and 54: 4.4.5 FTIR ANALYSIS The main absorb
Page 55 and 56: 4.4.6 CONCLUSION The extrusion of S
Page 57 and 58: 5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 CELLULOSE EXTRACT
Page 59 and 60: For mechanical treatments, the obta
Page 61 and 62: initial soy biomass; SNF and SMF. T
Page 63 and 64: compiled by Moon et al. (2011), thi
Page 65 and 66: RSH: 5min HPH: 20 passes, 4000 - 60
Page 67 and 68: SMF micrographs, the presence of fi
Page 69 and 70: process as described. However, it m
Page 71 and 72: a peak at 22.6° is representative
Page 73 and 74: chemical and mechanical treatment h
Page 75 and 76: 6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
Page 77 and 78: 6.3.3 FILM CONDITIONING Similar to
Page 79 and 80: increased in size. At fiber concent
Page 81 and 82: 6.4.2 MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE Due
Page 83 and 84: SEM images of the cryo-fractured su
Page 85 and 86: Table 6.1: Mechanical properties of
Page 87: cellulose and SPI. This high interf
Page 91 and 92: Similar to Section 4.4.5, dominatin
Page 93 and 94: Further analysis of the Amide II ba
Page 95 and 96: specimens that have been cryo-crush
Page 97 and 98: crushing. Conversely, this could al
Page 99 and 100: 7.0 EXPLORATORY WORK WITH TIO 2 NAN
Page 101 and 102: 7.3.2 COMPOUNDING AND EXTRUSION Com
Page 103 and 104: smaller size of P90, the ability to
Page 105 and 106: Table 7.1: Mechanical Strength of T
Page 107 and 108: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 120 110
Page 109 and 110: (21 nm) particle was seen to have a
Page 111 and 112: 7.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TIO2
Page 113 and 114: Tensile Strenght (MPa) 12 11 10 9 8
Page 115 and 116: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 200 180
Page 117 and 118: 8.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 119 and 120: The viability of introducing a comp
Page 121 and 122: acting as a coupling agent for furt
Page 123 and 124: Cherian BM, Leao AL, Souza SFD, Tho
Page 125 and 126: Kacurakova M, Capek P, Sasinkova V,
Page 127 and 128: Pääkkö M, Ankerfors M, Kosonen H
Page 129: Wang N, Ding E, Cheng R (2008) Prep
show all

THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?