THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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Figure 6.10: Enlarged FTIR spectra of SPI/Cellulose blend film comparison focusing on the Amide I band. Absorbance 0.35 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.15 1690 MSF2.5 MSF1.0 MSF0.5 MSF0.25 SNF0.25 SPI 1670 1650 The Amide I band can reveal the configuration of the secondary structure via the dominating frequencies. Prominent frequencies near 1654 cm -1 , 1633 cm -1 , 1672 cm -1 , and 1654 cm -1 correlate to secondary structures of α-helix, β-sheet, β-turns, and random coils (Goormaghtigh et al. 1994). As mentioned in Section 4.4.5, this indicates that the extruded films are predominantly made of β-sheet secondary structures. Moreover, the β structure is shown to be made of antiparallel configuration due to the accumulation of vibrations at 1630 cm -1 (Barth 2007). It can be seen the addition of fibers did not affect the beta sheet configuration with all treatments having similar frequencies at 1630 cm -1 . 82 1630 Wavenumber (cm -1 ) 1610 1590
Further analysis of the Amide II band revealed a different outcome. From Figure 6.11, it can be seen that the SMF0.25 and SNF0.25 have both slightly shifted to higher wavenumbers in comparison to the other specimens. This correlates with the mechanical characteristics whereby SMF0.25 and SNF0.25 resulted in improved properties. This shift in frequencies could indicate a stronger interaction compared to other concentration loadings. Figure 6.11: Enlarged FTIR spectra of SPI/Cellulose blend film comparison focusing on the Amide II band. Absorbance 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.15 1580 MSF2.5 MSF1.0 MSF0.5 MSF0.25 SNF0.25 SPI 1560 Progressing onto Amide III, similar results in shifts to higher wavenumbers was observed with SMF0.25 and SNF 0.25 specimens. This further supports increased interaction at the concentration loading of 0.25% affecting material properties. The FTIR findings reveal that 1540 Wavenumber (cm -1 ) 83 1520 1500
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A Study on the Extrusion of Soy Pro
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My research would
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4.3.9 Statistical Analysis.........
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Compariso
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Figure 5.2: Light optical microscop
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1.0 INTRODUCTION The production of
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einforcement material. Research int
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via centrifugation into four fracti
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zones are synonymous to feeding, tr
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Ralston (2008) investigated the ext
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onding between hydroxyl groups and
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Table 2.2: Summary of cellulose par
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through the use of enzymes have pro
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matrix such as soy protein (Wang et
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4) Explore the extraction process f
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4.3 METHODS 4.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
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a Figure 4.2: a) Schematic of extru
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length at break by the initial grip
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4.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SP
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Further experiments were carried ou
Page 41 and 42: Figure 4.5: Film with rough texture
Page 43 and 44: extrusion screw to continuously bre
Page 45 and 46: stopped which fixes the spherical s
Page 47 and 48: 4.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Mechani
Page 49 and 50: Elongation at break (%) Figure 4.10
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.5: Water vapor permeability
Page 53 and 54: 4.4.5 FTIR ANALYSIS The main absorb
Page 55 and 56: 4.4.6 CONCLUSION The extrusion of S
Page 57 and 58: 5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 CELLULOSE EXTRACT
Page 59 and 60: For mechanical treatments, the obta
Page 61 and 62: initial soy biomass; SNF and SMF. T
Page 63 and 64: compiled by Moon et al. (2011), thi
Page 65 and 66: RSH: 5min HPH: 20 passes, 4000 - 60
Page 67 and 68: SMF micrographs, the presence of fi
Page 69 and 70: process as described. However, it m
Page 71 and 72: a peak at 22.6° is representative
Page 73 and 74: chemical and mechanical treatment h
Page 75 and 76: 6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
Page 77 and 78: 6.3.3 FILM CONDITIONING Similar to
Page 79 and 80: increased in size. At fiber concent
Page 81 and 82: 6.4.2 MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE Due
Page 83 and 84: SEM images of the cryo-fractured su
Page 85 and 86: Table 6.1: Mechanical properties of
Page 87 and 88: cellulose and SPI. This high interf
Page 89 and 90: concentrations at isolated sites. A
Page 91: Similar to Section 4.4.5, dominatin
Page 95 and 96: specimens that have been cryo-crush
Page 97 and 98: crushing. Conversely, this could al
Page 99 and 100: 7.0 EXPLORATORY WORK WITH TIO 2 NAN
Page 101 and 102: 7.3.2 COMPOUNDING AND EXTRUSION Com
Page 103 and 104: smaller size of P90, the ability to
Page 105 and 106: Table 7.1: Mechanical Strength of T
Page 107 and 108: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 120 110
Page 109 and 110: (21 nm) particle was seen to have a
Page 111 and 112: 7.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TIO2
Page 113 and 114: Tensile Strenght (MPa) 12 11 10 9 8
Page 115 and 116: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 200 180
Page 117 and 118: 8.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 119 and 120: The viability of introducing a comp
Page 121 and 122: acting as a coupling agent for furt
Page 123 and 124: Cherian BM, Leao AL, Souza SFD, Tho
Page 125 and 126: Kacurakova M, Capek P, Sasinkova V,
Page 127 and 128: Pääkkö M, Ankerfors M, Kosonen H
Page 129: Wang N, Ding E, Cheng R (2008) Prep
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THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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