THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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9.0 REFERENCES Alemdar A, Sain M (2008) Isolation and characterization of nanofibers from agricultural residues: wheat straw and soy hulls. Bioresource technology 99:1664–71. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.029 Antczak T (2012) Nanotechnology-Methods of Manufacturing Cellulose Nanofibres. Fibers and Textiles in Eastern Europe 2:8–12. Barth A (2007) Infrared spectroscopy of proteins. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1767:1073–101. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.06.004 Bunsell A (1975) The tensile and fatigue behaviour of Kevlar-49 (PRD-49) fibre. Journal of Materials Science 10:1300–1308. Cai S, Singh BR (2004) A Distinct Utility of the Amide III Infrared Band for Secondary Structure Estimation of Aqueous Protein Solutions Using Partial Least Squares Methods. Biochemistry 2541–2549. Callister Jr. WD (1994) Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction. 530. Chao Z, Yue M, Xiaoyan Z, Dan M (2010) Development of soybean protein-isolate edible films incorporated with beeswax, Span 20, and glycerol. Journal of Food Science 75:C493–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01666.x Chaurasia V, Chand N, Bajpai SK (2010) Water Sorption Properties and Antimicrobial Action of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-Loaded Cellulose Acetate Films. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 47:309–317. doi: 10.1080/10601320903539207 Chen G, Liu H (2008) Electrospun cellulose nanofiber reinforced soybean protein isolate composite film. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 110:641–646. doi: 10.1002/app28703 Chen P, Tian H, Zhang L, Chang PR (2008) Structure and Properties of Soy Protein Plastics with ε-Caprolactone/Glycerol as Binary Plasticizers. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 47:9389–9395. doi: 10.1021/ie800371f Chen P, Zhang L (2005) New evidences of glass transitions and microstructures of soy protein plasticized with glycerol. Macromolecular Bioscience 5:237–45. doi: 10.1002/mabi.200400179 Chen P, Zhang L, Cao F (2005) Effects of moisture on glass transition and microstructure of glycerol-plasticized soy protein. Macromolecular Bioscience 5:872–80. doi: 10.1002/mabi.200500072 Chen W, Yu H, Liu Y, Chen P, Zhang M, Hai Y (2011) Individualization of cellulose nanofibers from wood using high-intensity ultrasonication combined with chemical pretreatments. Carbohydrate Polymers 83:1804–1811. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.10.040 112
Cherian BM, Leao AL, Souza SFD, Thomas S, Pothan LA, Kottaisamy M (2011) Cellulose Nanocomposites for High-Performance Applications. Cellulose 539–587. doi: 10.1007/978- 3-642-17370-7 Cho SY, Rhee C (2004) Mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of edible films made from fractionated soy proteins with ultrafiltration. LWT - Food Science and Technology 37:833–839. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2004.03.009 Cho SYSY, Park J-W, Batt HP, Thomas RL (2007) Edible films made from membrane processed soy protein concentrates. LWT - Food Science and Technology 40:418–423. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2006.02.003 Cunningham P, Ogale AA, Dawson PL, Acton JC (2000) Tensile Properties of Soy Protein Isolate Films Produced by a Thermal Compaction Technique. Journal of Food Science 65:668–671. Cuq B, Gontard N, Guilbert S (1997) Thermoplastic properties of fish myofibrillar proteins: application to biopackaging fabrication. Polymer 38:4071–4078. doi: 10.1016/S0032- 3861(96)01011-7 Dangaran K, Krochta JM (2008) Whey Protein Films and Coatings. In: Onwulata CI, Huth PJ (eds) Whey Processing, Functionality and Health Benefits. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, pp 133–167 Daoud W a., Xin JH, Zhang Y-H (2005) Surface functionalization of cellulose fibers with titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their combined bactericidal activities. Surface Science 599:69– 75. doi: 10.1016/j.susc.2005.09.038 Denavi G, Tapia-Blácido DR, Añón MC, Sobral PJA, Mauri AN, Menegalli FC (2009) Effects of drying conditions on some physical properties of soy protein films. Journal of Food Engineering 90:341–349. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.07.001 Eichhorn SJ, Dufresne a., Aranguren M, et al. (2009) Review: current international research into cellulose nanofibres and nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Science 45:1–33. doi: 10.1007/s10853-009-3874-0 Environmental Protection Agency (2012) Plastics. http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/plastics.htm#facts. Accessed 10 Jun 2012 Feng X-X, Zhang L-L, Chen J-Y, Guo Y-H, Zhang H-P, Jia C-I (2007) Preparation and characterization of novel nanocomposite films formed from silk fibroin and nano-TiO2. International journal of biological macromolecules 40:105–11. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.06.011 Fennema OR (1996) Food Chemistry, 2nd Ed. 1069. Fujishima A (2000) Titanium dioxide photocatalysis. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews 1:1–21. 113
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A Study on the Extrusion of Soy Pro
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My research would
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4.3.9 Statistical Analysis.........
Page 7 and 8:
LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Compariso
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Figure 5.2: Light optical microscop
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1.0 INTRODUCTION The production of
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einforcement material. Research int
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via centrifugation into four fracti
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zones are synonymous to feeding, tr
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Ralston (2008) investigated the ext
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onding between hydroxyl groups and
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Table 2.2: Summary of cellulose par
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through the use of enzymes have pro
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matrix such as soy protein (Wang et
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4) Explore the extraction process f
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4.3 METHODS 4.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
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a Figure 4.2: a) Schematic of extru
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length at break by the initial grip
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4.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SP
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Further experiments were carried ou
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Figure 4.5: Film with rough texture
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extrusion screw to continuously bre
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stopped which fixes the spherical s
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4.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Mechani
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Elongation at break (%) Figure 4.10
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Table 4.5: Water vapor permeability
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4.4.5 FTIR ANALYSIS The main absorb
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4.4.6 CONCLUSION The extrusion of S
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5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 CELLULOSE EXTRACT
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For mechanical treatments, the obta
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initial soy biomass; SNF and SMF. T
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compiled by Moon et al. (2011), thi
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RSH: 5min HPH: 20 passes, 4000 - 60
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SMF micrographs, the presence of fi
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process as described. However, it m
Page 71 and 72: a peak at 22.6° is representative
Page 73 and 74: chemical and mechanical treatment h
Page 75 and 76: 6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
Page 77 and 78: 6.3.3 FILM CONDITIONING Similar to
Page 79 and 80: increased in size. At fiber concent
Page 81 and 82: 6.4.2 MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE Due
Page 83 and 84: SEM images of the cryo-fractured su
Page 85 and 86: Table 6.1: Mechanical properties of
Page 87 and 88: cellulose and SPI. This high interf
Page 89 and 90: concentrations at isolated sites. A
Page 91 and 92: Similar to Section 4.4.5, dominatin
Page 93 and 94: Further analysis of the Amide II ba
Page 95 and 96: specimens that have been cryo-crush
Page 97 and 98: crushing. Conversely, this could al
Page 99 and 100: 7.0 EXPLORATORY WORK WITH TIO 2 NAN
Page 101 and 102: 7.3.2 COMPOUNDING AND EXTRUSION Com
Page 103 and 104: smaller size of P90, the ability to
Page 105 and 106: Table 7.1: Mechanical Strength of T
Page 107 and 108: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 120 110
Page 109 and 110: (21 nm) particle was seen to have a
Page 111 and 112: 7.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TIO2
Page 113 and 114: Tensile Strenght (MPa) 12 11 10 9 8
Page 115 and 116: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 200 180
Page 117 and 118: 8.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 119 and 120: The viability of introducing a comp
Page 121: acting as a coupling agent for furt
Page 125 and 126: Kacurakova M, Capek P, Sasinkova V,
Page 127 and 128: Pääkkö M, Ankerfors M, Kosonen H
Page 129: Wang N, Ding E, Cheng R (2008) Prep
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