THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Figure 6.13: WAXD spectra of SPI/cellulose blend films original SMF’s shown. No sample preparation was conducted for testing. 2Ɵ (deg) Literature findings on the reported WAXD patterns have often only briefly described of the methods used to obtain WAXD patterns (Luo et al. 2008; Wu et al. 2009). The presently used X-Ray diffractometer was typically employed for use with powdered samples. As such, powdered samples where made from the blend films to show effect of sample preparation. Figure 6.14 shows how the patterns as previously seen are not sustained after cryo-crushing (mortar and pestle grinding in the presence of liquid nitrogen). The peak near 2Ɵ = 9° was still apparent throughout all samples. All samples are similar in appearance to the base SPI film. This may suggest that any type of interaction between cellulose and SPI were destroyed upon 86 SMF SMF2.5 SMF1.0 SMF0.5 SMF0.25 NSF0.25 SPI
crushing. Conversely, this could also suggest that the previous data seen may be due to artifacts from inadequate preparation of specimens. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Figure 6.14: WAXD spectra of SPI/cellulose blend films obtained after cyro-crushing to form powdered samples. 6.5 CONCLUSIONS 2Ɵ (deg) Extracted soy fibers were successfully incorporated in the extrusion of SPI film. Increasing fiber concentrations created difficulties due to the hydrophilic nature of cellulose fibers. Optimal concentration was found to be a very low addition of 0.25% w/w SMF/SPI which increased both tensile strength and modulus for extruded films at high RH of 84%. Increasing fiber loading caused the formation of cellulose aggregates seen in the extruded films which 87 SMF2.5 SMF1.0 SMF0.5 SMF0.25 SNF0.25 SPI
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A Study on the Extrusion of Soy Pro
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My research would
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4.3.9 Statistical Analysis.........
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Compariso
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Figure 5.2: Light optical microscop
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1.0 INTRODUCTION The production of
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einforcement material. Research int
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via centrifugation into four fracti
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zones are synonymous to feeding, tr
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Ralston (2008) investigated the ext
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onding between hydroxyl groups and
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Table 2.2: Summary of cellulose par
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through the use of enzymes have pro
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matrix such as soy protein (Wang et
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4) Explore the extraction process f
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4.3 METHODS 4.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
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a Figure 4.2: a) Schematic of extru
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length at break by the initial grip
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4.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SP
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Further experiments were carried ou
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Figure 4.5: Film with rough texture
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extrusion screw to continuously bre
Page 45 and 46: stopped which fixes the spherical s
Page 47 and 48: 4.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Mechani
Page 49 and 50: Elongation at break (%) Figure 4.10
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.5: Water vapor permeability
Page 53 and 54: 4.4.5 FTIR ANALYSIS The main absorb
Page 55 and 56: 4.4.6 CONCLUSION The extrusion of S
Page 57 and 58: 5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 CELLULOSE EXTRACT
Page 59 and 60: For mechanical treatments, the obta
Page 61 and 62: initial soy biomass; SNF and SMF. T
Page 63 and 64: compiled by Moon et al. (2011), thi
Page 65 and 66: RSH: 5min HPH: 20 passes, 4000 - 60
Page 67 and 68: SMF micrographs, the presence of fi
Page 69 and 70: process as described. However, it m
Page 71 and 72: a peak at 22.6° is representative
Page 73 and 74: chemical and mechanical treatment h
Page 75 and 76: 6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
Page 77 and 78: 6.3.3 FILM CONDITIONING Similar to
Page 79 and 80: increased in size. At fiber concent
Page 81 and 82: 6.4.2 MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE Due
Page 83 and 84: SEM images of the cryo-fractured su
Page 85 and 86: Table 6.1: Mechanical properties of
Page 87 and 88: cellulose and SPI. This high interf
Page 89 and 90: concentrations at isolated sites. A
Page 91 and 92: Similar to Section 4.4.5, dominatin
Page 93 and 94: Further analysis of the Amide II ba
Page 95: specimens that have been cryo-crush
Page 99 and 100: 7.0 EXPLORATORY WORK WITH TIO 2 NAN
Page 101 and 102: 7.3.2 COMPOUNDING AND EXTRUSION Com
Page 103 and 104: smaller size of P90, the ability to
Page 105 and 106: Table 7.1: Mechanical Strength of T
Page 107 and 108: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 120 110
Page 109 and 110: (21 nm) particle was seen to have a
Page 111 and 112: 7.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TIO2
Page 113 and 114: Tensile Strenght (MPa) 12 11 10 9 8
Page 115 and 116: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 200 180
Page 117 and 118: 8.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 119 and 120: The viability of introducing a comp
Page 121 and 122: acting as a coupling agent for furt
Page 123 and 124: Cherian BM, Leao AL, Souza SFD, Tho
Page 125 and 126: Kacurakova M, Capek P, Sasinkova V,
Page 127 and 128: Pääkkö M, Ankerfors M, Kosonen H
Page 129: Wang N, Ding E, Cheng R (2008) Prep
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THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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