THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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Table 7.2: Mechanical properties of SPI films with cellulose and TiO2 additives RH Specimen Tensile Strength Elongation Modulus of Elasticity (%) (MPa) (%) (MPa) 43 SPI 9.34 ± 0.42 a 164.59 ± 11.70 a 127.02 ± 16.45 a 43 F0.25 11.29 ± 0.61 d 140.35 ± 11.14 d 170.84 ± 24.30 b 43 F0.5 10.64 ± 0.15 b,c,d 130.94 ± 16.76 b,c 162.96 ± 18.84 a,b 43 F1.0 10.23 ± 0.63 a,b 141.09 ± 17.27 a,b 166.38 ± 25.81 a,b 43 Ti0.25 10.69 ± 0.21 b,c,d 136.51 ± 11.63 b,c 150.43 ± 13.46 a,b 43 Ti0.5 9.76 ± 0.85 a,b 130.83 ± 17.09 a,b 148.57 ± 21.22 a,b 43 Ti1.0 10.41 ± 0.23 b,c 137.20 ± 8.28 b,c 153.07 ± 15.08 a,b 43 TiF0.25 9.81 ± 0.57 a,b 153.65 ± 6.18 a,b 145.06 ± 11.14 a,b 43 TiF0.5 9.89 ± 0.39 a,b 135.49 ± 10.67 a,b 148.17 ± 7.41 a,b 43 TiF1.0 11.25 ± 0.33 c,d 130.45 ± 6.84 c,d 163.80 ± 20.60 a,b 58 SPI 8.78 ± 0.62 a,b 150.05 ± 18.82 a,b 114.74 ± 17.91 a 58 F0.25 10.14 ± 0.55 c,d 146.00 ± 11.51 c,d 131.44 ± 13.13 a,b 58 F0.5 10.17 ± 0.28 c,d 133.47 ± 3.71 c,d 123.20 ± 5.17 a 58 F1.0 10.03 ± 0.33 c,d 120.38 ± 14.23 c,d 128.10 ± 9.14 a,b 58 Ti0.25 9.72 ± 0.45 b,c,d 139.01 ± 9.35 b,c,d 129.00 ± 11.70 a,b 58 Ti0.5 9.38 ± 0.72 b,c 158.11 ± 9.83 b,c 112.57 ± 20.07 a 58 Ti1.0 9.37 ± 0.23 b,c 146.16 ± 12.02 b,c 127.60 ± 7.88 a,b 58 TiF0.25 8.21 ± 0.41 a 155.23 ± 7.68 a 111.47 ± 9.87 a 58 TiF0.5 9.29 ± 0.28 b,c 133.59 ± 16.20 b,c 130.68 ± 16.05 a,b 58 TiF1.0 10.38 ± 0.33 d 141.68 ± 11.49 d 153.73 ± 11.83 b 84 SPI 6.78 ± 0.72 a 154.40 ± 26.78 a 67.89 ± 9.90 a,b 84 F0.25 8.20 ± 0.30 d 141.39 ± 14.27 d 78.64 ± 6.78 b,c 84 F0.5 7.65 ± 0.48 b,c,d 129.44 ± 9.06 b,c,d 82.86 ± 14.19 b,c 84 F1.0 7.07 ± 0.40 a,b,c 158.16 ± 15.43 a,b,c 67.80 ± 9.73 a,b,c 84 Ti0.25 8.34 ± 0.32 d 152.11 ± 13.92 d 92.19 ± 8.68 c 84 Ti0.5 7.16 ± 0.30 a,b,c 146.99 ± 18.69 a,b,c 69.69 ± 11.74 a,b 84 Ti1.0 6.84 ± 0.13 a,b 144.80 ± 24.15 a,b 60.85 ± 9.92 a 84 TiF0.25 7.20 ± 0.14 a,b,c, 160.08 ± 7.02 a,b,c 68.65 ± 3.84 a,b 84 TiF0.5 7.28 ± 0.24 a,b,c 147.57 ± 10.24 a,b,c 72.28 ± 7.43 a,b 84 TiF1.0 7.89 ± 0.10 c,d 136.56 ± 17.73 c,d 79.25 ± 4.12 a,b,c Separated by relative humidity, means with different letters in the same column are significantly different (N=5, Tukey’s HSD, p-value < 0.05) 102
Tensile Strenght (MPa) 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 Figure 7.7: Tensile strength of SPI films blended with cellulose (F), TiO2 (Ti), and cellulose compatibilized with TiO2 (TiF) 43% RH 58% RH 84% RH 0 0.5 1 Concentration (%w/wSPI) Figure 7.8 shows elongation at break values for all treatments. Similar elongation values were seen across the three levels of RH tested. At 43%, additives were seen to generally reduce elongation compared to the control. However, induced effects between additives were not apparent for any of the samples. 0 0.5 1 Concentration (%w/wSPI) 103 0 0.5 1 Concentration (%w/wSPI) F Ti TiF
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A Study on the Extrusion of Soy Pro
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My research would
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4.3.9 Statistical Analysis.........
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Compariso
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Figure 5.2: Light optical microscop
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1.0 INTRODUCTION The production of
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einforcement material. Research int
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via centrifugation into four fracti
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zones are synonymous to feeding, tr
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Ralston (2008) investigated the ext
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onding between hydroxyl groups and
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Table 2.2: Summary of cellulose par
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through the use of enzymes have pro
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matrix such as soy protein (Wang et
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4) Explore the extraction process f
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4.3 METHODS 4.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
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a Figure 4.2: a) Schematic of extru
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length at break by the initial grip
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4.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SP
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Further experiments were carried ou
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Figure 4.5: Film with rough texture
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extrusion screw to continuously bre
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stopped which fixes the spherical s
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4.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Mechani
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Elongation at break (%) Figure 4.10
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Table 4.5: Water vapor permeability
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4.4.5 FTIR ANALYSIS The main absorb
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4.4.6 CONCLUSION The extrusion of S
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5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 CELLULOSE EXTRACT
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For mechanical treatments, the obta
Page 61 and 62: initial soy biomass; SNF and SMF. T
Page 63 and 64: compiled by Moon et al. (2011), thi
Page 65 and 66: RSH: 5min HPH: 20 passes, 4000 - 60
Page 67 and 68: SMF micrographs, the presence of fi
Page 69 and 70: process as described. However, it m
Page 71 and 72: a peak at 22.6° is representative
Page 73 and 74: chemical and mechanical treatment h
Page 75 and 76: 6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
Page 77 and 78: 6.3.3 FILM CONDITIONING Similar to
Page 79 and 80: increased in size. At fiber concent
Page 81 and 82: 6.4.2 MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE Due
Page 83 and 84: SEM images of the cryo-fractured su
Page 85 and 86: Table 6.1: Mechanical properties of
Page 87 and 88: cellulose and SPI. This high interf
Page 89 and 90: concentrations at isolated sites. A
Page 91 and 92: Similar to Section 4.4.5, dominatin
Page 93 and 94: Further analysis of the Amide II ba
Page 95 and 96: specimens that have been cryo-crush
Page 97 and 98: crushing. Conversely, this could al
Page 99 and 100: 7.0 EXPLORATORY WORK WITH TIO 2 NAN
Page 101 and 102: 7.3.2 COMPOUNDING AND EXTRUSION Com
Page 103 and 104: smaller size of P90, the ability to
Page 105 and 106: Table 7.1: Mechanical Strength of T
Page 107 and 108: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 120 110
Page 109 and 110: (21 nm) particle was seen to have a
Page 111: 7.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TIO2
Page 115 and 116: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 200 180
Page 117 and 118: 8.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 119 and 120: The viability of introducing a comp
Page 121 and 122: acting as a coupling agent for furt
Page 123 and 124: Cherian BM, Leao AL, Souza SFD, Tho
Page 125 and 126: Kacurakova M, Capek P, Sasinkova V,
Page 127 and 128: Pääkkö M, Ankerfors M, Kosonen H
Page 129: Wang N, Ding E, Cheng R (2008) Prep
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THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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