THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................iii Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................ vii List of Figures.............................................................................................................. viii 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................1 2.0 Literature Review ...................................................................................................4 2.1 Soy Protein .....................................................................................................4 2.2 Soy Protein Extrusion.....................................................................................6 2.3 Cellulose Fibers............................................................................................10 2.4 Cellulose Fiber Extraction ............................................................................13 2.5 Biocomposite Films ......................................................................................16 3.0 Justification and Objectives...............................................................................18 4.0 Part I: Extrusion of Soy Protein Isolate Film ....................................................20 4.1 Introduction...................................................................................................20 4.2 Materials .......................................................................................................20 4.3 Methods ........................................................................................................21 4.3.1 Sample Preparation..........................................................................21 4.3.2 Compounding and Extrusion ............................................................21 4.3.3 Film Conditioning ..............................................................................24 4.3.4 Mechanical Properties ......................................................................24 4.3.5 Water Vapour Permeability ..............................................................25 4.3.6 Oxygen Permeability ........................................................................25 4.3.7 Microstructure Analysis ....................................................................26 4.3.8 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analysis .....................................26 iv
4.3.9 Statistical Analysis............................................................................26 4.4 Results and Discussion................................................................................27 4.4.1 SPI Extrusion Observations .............................................................27 4.4.2 Microstructure Analysis ....................................................................34 4.4.3 Mechanical Properties ......................................................................37 4.4.4 Barrier Properties .............................................................................40 4.4.5 FTIR Analysis ...................................................................................43 4.4.6 Conclusion ........................................................................................45 5.0 Part II: Cellulose Extraction From Soy Pods and Stems ................................46 5.1 Introduction...................................................................................................46 5.2 Materials .......................................................................................................46 5.3 Methods ........................................................................................................47 5.3.1 Cellulose Extraction..........................................................................47 5.3.2 Morphological Analysis.....................................................................49 5.3.3 Wide Angle X-Ray Diffraction (WAXD) Analysis .............................50 5.3.4 FTIR Analysis ...................................................................................50 5.4 Results and Discussion................................................................................50 5.4.1 Visual Observations..........................................................................50 5.4.2 Morphological Analysis.....................................................................52 5.4.3 FTIR Analysis ...................................................................................58 5.4.4 WAXD Analysis ................................................................................60 5.4.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................62 6.0 Part III: Extrusion of SPI Films Incorporated with Extracted Soy Fibers......64 6.1 Introduction...................................................................................................64 6.2 Materials .......................................................................................................64 6.3 Methods ........................................................................................................65 6.3.1 Sample Preparations ........................................................................65 6.3.2 Compounding and Extrusion ............................................................66 6.3.3 Film Conditioning ..............................................................................67 v
Page 1 and 2: A Study on the Extrusion of Soy Pro
Page 3: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My research would
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Compariso
Page 9 and 10: Figure 5.2: Light optical microscop
Page 11 and 12: 1.0 INTRODUCTION The production of
Page 13 and 14: einforcement material. Research int
Page 15 and 16: via centrifugation into four fracti
Page 17 and 18: zones are synonymous to feeding, tr
Page 19 and 20: Ralston (2008) investigated the ext
Page 21 and 22: onding between hydroxyl groups and
Page 23 and 24: Table 2.2: Summary of cellulose par
Page 25 and 26: through the use of enzymes have pro
Page 27 and 28: matrix such as soy protein (Wang et
Page 29 and 30: 4) Explore the extraction process f
Page 31 and 32: 4.3 METHODS 4.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
Page 33 and 34: a Figure 4.2: a) Schematic of extru
Page 35 and 36: length at break by the initial grip
Page 37 and 38: 4.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SP
Page 39 and 40: Further experiments were carried ou
Page 41 and 42: Figure 4.5: Film with rough texture
Page 43 and 44: extrusion screw to continuously bre
Page 45 and 46: stopped which fixes the spherical s
Page 47 and 48: 4.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Mechani
Page 49 and 50: Elongation at break (%) Figure 4.10
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.5: Water vapor permeability
Page 53 and 54: 4.4.5 FTIR ANALYSIS The main absorb
Page 55 and 56:
4.4.6 CONCLUSION The extrusion of S
Page 57 and 58:
5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 CELLULOSE EXTRACT
Page 59 and 60:
For mechanical treatments, the obta
Page 61 and 62:
initial soy biomass; SNF and SMF. T
Page 63 and 64:
compiled by Moon et al. (2011), thi
Page 65 and 66:
RSH: 5min HPH: 20 passes, 4000 - 60
Page 67 and 68:
SMF micrographs, the presence of fi
Page 69 and 70:
process as described. However, it m
Page 71 and 72:
a peak at 22.6° is representative
Page 73 and 74:
chemical and mechanical treatment h
Page 75 and 76:
6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
Page 77 and 78:
6.3.3 FILM CONDITIONING Similar to
Page 79 and 80:
increased in size. At fiber concent
Page 81 and 82:
6.4.2 MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE Due
Page 83 and 84:
SEM images of the cryo-fractured su
Page 85 and 86:
Table 6.1: Mechanical properties of
Page 87 and 88:
cellulose and SPI. This high interf
Page 89 and 90:
concentrations at isolated sites. A
Page 91 and 92:
Similar to Section 4.4.5, dominatin
Page 93 and 94:
Further analysis of the Amide II ba
Page 95 and 96:
specimens that have been cryo-crush
Page 97 and 98:
crushing. Conversely, this could al
Page 99 and 100:
7.0 EXPLORATORY WORK WITH TIO 2 NAN
Page 101 and 102:
7.3.2 COMPOUNDING AND EXTRUSION Com
Page 103 and 104:
smaller size of P90, the ability to
Page 105 and 106:
Table 7.1: Mechanical Strength of T
Page 107 and 108:
Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 120 110
Page 109 and 110:
(21 nm) particle was seen to have a
Page 111 and 112:
7.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TIO2
Page 113 and 114:
Tensile Strenght (MPa) 12 11 10 9 8
Page 115 and 116:
Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 200 180
Page 117 and 118:
8.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 119 and 120:
The viability of introducing a comp
Page 121 and 122:
acting as a coupling agent for furt
Page 123 and 124:
Cherian BM, Leao AL, Souza SFD, Tho
Page 125 and 126:
Kacurakova M, Capek P, Sasinkova V,
Page 127 and 128:
Pääkkö M, Ankerfors M, Kosonen H
Page 129:
Wang N, Ding E, Cheng R (2008) Prep
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THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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