THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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caused a decline in performance. At optimal fiber loadings, FTIR analysis suggests interaction between cellulose and protein may be present correlating with increased strength of composite films. WAXD analysis showed that sample preparation can yield drastically different results yielding an inconclusive trend. This experiment showed that a completely biodegradable plastic thin film can be extruded using soy derived sources moving closer towards a sustainable alternative to petroleum based plastics. 88
7.0 EXPLORATORY WORK WITH TIO 2 NANOPARTICLES AND SPI/FIBER BLEND FILMS 7.1 INTRODUCTION Approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, titanium dioxide is a safe and inexpensive additive commonly found in a wide array of products including paints, plastics, papers, food, cosmetics, solar cells, electronics, etc. (Feng et al. 2007; Fujishima 2000; Li et al. 2010; Zhou et al. 2009). From the papermaking industry, cellulose/TiO2 hybrid fibers have been explored to enhance brightness and have shown to have bactericidal properties (Daoud et al. 2005; Marques et al. 2006; Siffert and Metzger 1991). Applications in edible films have also been shown to provide antimicrobial protection, increase strength, and decrease water vapour transmission (Chaurasia et al. 2010; Li et al. 2010; Zhou et al. 2009). The use of TiO2 for packaging can also benefit from its oxygen scavenging abilities (Xiao-e et al. 2004). In addition, titanate particles have been suggested for use as coupling agents with mild improvements for injection molded soy/cellulose blends (Ralston 2008). However, there have been no attempts to investigate the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles into SPI film for use with extrusion. There also have been no reports of the effects of using TiO 2 particles as a coupling agent for SPI/Cellulose blend films. To further increase material properties of the extruded SPI base films, this study will investigate the effects of incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles along with its coupling effects on SPI/cellulose blend films. 7.2 MATERIALS Soy protein Isolate (SUPRO 760) as obtained from Section 4.2 was used for extrusion. Extracted soy microfibers as carried out in Section 5.0 were used as reinforcing fibers. Glycerol 89
Page 1 and 2:
A Study on the Extrusion of Soy Pro
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My research would
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4.3.9 Statistical Analysis.........
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Compariso
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Figure 5.2: Light optical microscop
Page 11 and 12:
1.0 INTRODUCTION The production of
Page 13 and 14:
einforcement material. Research int
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via centrifugation into four fracti
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zones are synonymous to feeding, tr
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Ralston (2008) investigated the ext
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onding between hydroxyl groups and
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Table 2.2: Summary of cellulose par
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through the use of enzymes have pro
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matrix such as soy protein (Wang et
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4) Explore the extraction process f
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4.3 METHODS 4.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
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a Figure 4.2: a) Schematic of extru
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length at break by the initial grip
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4.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SP
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Further experiments were carried ou
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Figure 4.5: Film with rough texture
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extrusion screw to continuously bre
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stopped which fixes the spherical s
Page 47 and 48: 4.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Mechani
Page 49 and 50: Elongation at break (%) Figure 4.10
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.5: Water vapor permeability
Page 53 and 54: 4.4.5 FTIR ANALYSIS The main absorb
Page 55 and 56: 4.4.6 CONCLUSION The extrusion of S
Page 57 and 58: 5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 CELLULOSE EXTRACT
Page 59 and 60: For mechanical treatments, the obta
Page 61 and 62: initial soy biomass; SNF and SMF. T
Page 63 and 64: compiled by Moon et al. (2011), thi
Page 65 and 66: RSH: 5min HPH: 20 passes, 4000 - 60
Page 67 and 68: SMF micrographs, the presence of fi
Page 69 and 70: process as described. However, it m
Page 71 and 72: a peak at 22.6° is representative
Page 73 and 74: chemical and mechanical treatment h
Page 75 and 76: 6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATIO
Page 77 and 78: 6.3.3 FILM CONDITIONING Similar to
Page 79 and 80: increased in size. At fiber concent
Page 81 and 82: 6.4.2 MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE Due
Page 83 and 84: SEM images of the cryo-fractured su
Page 85 and 86: Table 6.1: Mechanical properties of
Page 87 and 88: cellulose and SPI. This high interf
Page 89 and 90: concentrations at isolated sites. A
Page 91 and 92: Similar to Section 4.4.5, dominatin
Page 93 and 94: Further analysis of the Amide II ba
Page 95 and 96: specimens that have been cryo-crush
Page 97: crushing. Conversely, this could al
Page 101 and 102: 7.3.2 COMPOUNDING AND EXTRUSION Com
Page 103 and 104: smaller size of P90, the ability to
Page 105 and 106: Table 7.1: Mechanical Strength of T
Page 107 and 108: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 120 110
Page 109 and 110: (21 nm) particle was seen to have a
Page 111 and 112: 7.4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TIO2
Page 113 and 114: Tensile Strenght (MPa) 12 11 10 9 8
Page 115 and 116: Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 200 180
Page 117 and 118: 8.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 119 and 120: The viability of introducing a comp
Page 121 and 122: acting as a coupling agent for furt
Page 123 and 124: Cherian BM, Leao AL, Souza SFD, Tho
Page 125 and 126: Kacurakova M, Capek P, Sasinkova V,
Page 127 and 128: Pääkkö M, Ankerfors M, Kosonen H
Page 129: Wang N, Ding E, Cheng R (2008) Prep
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THESIS - ROC CH ... - FINAL - resubmission.pdf - University of Guelph

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