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• Lack of a culture of peace, tolerance, love, acceptance and respect for one another.• Failure to resolve disputes through peaceful means.These obstacles must be eliminated before world peace and unity can be achieved. This isnot a simple task, which can be accomplished in a day or in a few years. It is a longjourney which must start with one step. I am glad to say that we have embarked on thisjourney with the seriousness and commitment it deserves. These conferences are a vividdemonstration of this resolve and they must be supported. We cannot achieve this goalsingle handedly, but we must work together with other peace promoters, for the task ofbuilding world peace is a collective responsibility for the entire world.Hon’ble Mr Justice Benjamin J. Odoki,Chief Justice of Uganda receiving the'Key' to City of Lucknow from MayorDr S.C. Rai at the ConferenceWe must work towards the establishment of enforceable International law. Law is theexpression of policy and the instrumentality of transformation and compliance. International law cannot be enforced if thereare no effective institutions to enforce it and sanctions for non-compliance. The main world body charged with theresponsibility to enforce it, the United Nations Security Council does not have the teeth to enforce it. The SecretaryGeneral of the United Nations, Mr. Kofi Annan, admitted this when he addressed the UN General Assembly in New Yorkon 21st September 2004. The Secretary General stated,“At the international level all states - strong and weak, big and small - need a framework of fair rules, whicheach can be confident that all will obey. Fortunately, such a framework exists. From trade to terrorism, from thelaw of the sea to weapons of mass destruction, states have created an impressive body of norms and laws. Thisis one of our organization’s proudest achievements. And yet this framework is riddled with gaps and weaknesses.Too often it is applied selectively and enforced arbitrarily. It lacks the teeth that turn a body of laws into aneffective legal system.”I entirely agree with the Secretary General that we need an effective United Nations - one that reflects the world we live intoday and can meet the challenges we face. His promise to reform the Security Council in order to strengthen the rule of lawand transitional justice in conflict and post conflict societies, is a welcome commitment, which promotes our cause. Ipropose that some of the measure to reform the Security Council should include the removal of the right of veto by thePermanent Members of the Council and the expansion of the Council to represent all the major regions and world legalsystems of the world.While reforming the United Nations is one of strategies for promoting enforceable international law, there is a need totransform the United Nations into a World Parliament which can enact enforceable international law. A World Parliamentmust not emphasize the sovereignty of nations and of its citizens. International law should cease to be a matter for voluntaryacceptance or waiver by powerful states, but applicable equally to all nations and all peoples. No government, no nationand no person should be above the law.The rule of law must be binding at international level. The Judiciaries of the World, which are responsible for peacefulresolution of disputes, must play a leading role in promoting the observance of the rule of law at home and abroad.Globalization demands global law as the world has become a global village. This is theonly way we can hope to promote and achieve a realistic and equitable new internationaleconomic and political order. This is the only way in which all the people in the world canlive free from fear and want. This is the only way our children can have hope that tomorrowwill be better than today. This is the only way we can achieve a safe future for our childrenborn and yet to be born.Hon’ble Mr Justice Benjamin J. Odoki,Chief Justice of Uganda (front row,right) at the ConferenceI wish you a Merry Christmas and a Prosperous New Year.--18--
5 th International Conference of Chief Justices of the WorldAddress byHon’ble Mr Justice Leonard Ezra UnyoloChief Justice of the Republic of MalawiI would like to express my profound gratitude to Mr Jagdish Ghandhi, Founder Managerof the City Montessori School (CMS) and his team at the City Montessori School forgraciously inviting me to this conference. I feel greatly honoured indeed. I would also liketo thank you for all the work you have done and you are doing to promote World Peaceand to advance our understanding that a school must act as a lighthouse of society andprovide meaningful education, spiritual direction and leadership.As we have noted, this conference draws its inspiration on Article 51(c) of the IndianConstitution which provides that the state shall endeavour to foster respect for internationallaw. This clause is similar to Article 1 of the Charter of the United Nations which stipulatesthat the purposes of the United Nations are, inter alia, to maintain international peace andsecurity and to take appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace.Hon’ble Mr Justice Leonard EzraUnyolo, Chief Justice of the Republicof Malawi addressing the ConferenceLet me begin by concurring with fellow Chief Justices, and other eminent speakers who have addressed this forum in thepast, on the point that the existence of these provisions in the UN Charter and national Constitutions provide us a challengeof how to transform the ideals embodied therein into practical reality. It also gives us an opportunity to reflect on thesuccess and failure of the UN to maintain and strengthen universal peace. This, in turn, enables us to propose reforms to thestructure and method of decision-making within the UN in order to make it a more effective body for the promotion ofinternational peace and security through enforceable international law.More than 50 years ago the framers of the UN Charter were determined, in the words of the Charter, to save succeedinggenerations from the scourge of war, which twice in their life time had brought untold sorrow to mankind and to reaffirmtheir faith in fundamental human rights and dignity. They were also determined to establish conditions under which justiceand respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law could be maintained. They werefurther desirous of promoting social progress and better standards of living in larger freedom.As Albright observes the drafters of the Charter were not naïve, they were grimly realistic. They had seen, after World WarI, the price of failing to organize peace and what happens when commitments are not kept. They were eyewitnesses to thedevastation of war. They had a first hand experience of how evil triumphs when good people do nothing. The creation ofthe United Nations was their only hope for lasting international peace and security.Notwithstanding the creation of the UN, the hopes and aspirations of the framers of the UN Charter have to a large extentremained frustrated. Indeed, new challenges have arisen that demand innovative strategies of enforcing international law.We live in an era where threats of conflicts continue to arise. We live in an unsettled age, beset by threats of terrorism,unilateral action by super powers, massive ecological destruction, unsustainable lifestyles, endemic poverty, disease,squabbles, wars, genocide, selective application of international law, and weapons of mass destruction (despite the end ofthe cold war). The risks our children and future generations face are, therefore, unprecedented.This scenario is attributed to the fact that the framers of the United Nations Charter failed to devise a ‘common thread’ forbinding member countries into one global family. In the absence of a common thread the UNO has become an organizationof disunited nations. The actions of the countries with veto power causes fear and suspicion among other countries thatseek similar powers by resorting to unconventional and heinous means of conflict resolution. It is in this context that therehas been a growing demand for more enforceable international law.--19--
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