The Internationalization of Corporate R&D

THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF CORPORATE R&DTable of ContentsSummary.......................................................................................................... 11Sammanfattning.............................................................................................. 19Contributors .................................................................................................... 261 The Challenges of International Corporate R&DMagnus Karlsson...................................................................................... 271.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 271.1.1 Companies are Creating Global Innovation Networks ...................... 271.1.2 The Changing Geography of Innovation ........................................... 281.1.3 Countries Will Win, Lose and Transform .......................................... 291.1.4 Purpose and Approach of the Studies .............................................. 311.1.5 Outline of the Report......................................................................... 341.2 Structuring a Policy Response: An Overview ....................................... 351.2.1 Strengthen the National Science and Technology Base (A) ............... 371.2.2 Foster Attractive Conditions Based on Knowledge, Production andMarkets (B) ....................................................................................... 401.2.3 Stimulate Internationalization and Mobility (C).................................. 431.2.4 Maximize Economic Benefits and Minimize Negative Effects (D)..... 46References .......................................................................................................... 492 International R&D Trends and DriversMagnus Karlsson...................................................................................... 552.1 Corporate R&D..................................................................................... 552.1.1 What is Corporate R&D? .................................................................. 552.1.2 The Structure of Corporate R&D....................................................... 572.1.3 Corporate R&D Trends ..................................................................... 592.1.4 From Traditional to Distributed Innovation ........................................ 622.2 Internationalization of Corporate R&D.................................................. 632.2.1 What is the Internationalization of Corporate R&D? ......................... 632.2.2 How to Measure Internationalization?............................................... 652.3 The Extent of Internationalization......................................................... 662.3.1 Foreign-Controlled R&D – Inward Investment .................................. 672.3.2 R&D Facilities Abroad – Outward Investment................................... 682.3.3 Trade in R&D – Technology Balance of Payment............................. 692.3.4 Cross-Border Ownership and Co-Ownership of Patents .................. 712.3.5 R&D Collaboration and Alliances...................................................... 722.3.6 Surveys of Foreign R&D Facilities and Projects ............................... 722.3.7 Forward-Looking Surveys................................................................. 752.4 Explaining Internationalization of Corporate R&D .................................... 762.4.1 Enablers of R&D Internationalization................................................... 762.4.2 Drivers of R&D Internationalization................................................... 772.4.3 Determinants for Locating R&D ........................................................ 782.4.4 R&D in Developing Countries – Cost and Other Challenges ............ 802.5 Internationalization of Corporate R&D – Summary of Trends .............. 81References .......................................................................................................... 825