The Internationalization of Corporate R&D

THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF CORPORATE R&D3 Global Location of R&DBörje Johansson & Hans Lööf.................................................................. 893.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 893.2 Globalization of Innovation ................................................................... 893.3 The Decision to Offshore R&D ............................................................. 923.4 Empirical Evidence............................................................................... 953.5 Consequences for the National Economy ............................................ 973.5.1 National Systems of Innovation ........................................................ 973.5.2 Regional R&D Externalities .............................................................. 983.5.3 Aggolomeration and Urbanization Economies.................................. 983.6 Conclusions.......................................................................................... 98References ........................................................................................................ 1014 The Internationalization of Swedish Corporate R&DPhilip Löf................................................................................................. 1054.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 1054.2 Available Data .................................................................................... 1054.3 Trends in Swedish Corporate R&D .................................................... 1094.4 The Internationalization of Swedish Corporate R&D .......................... 1114.4.1 Foreign-Owned Companies Performing R&D in Sweden ............... 1124.4.2 Swedish-Owned Multinational Companies Performing R&DOutside of Sweden ........................................................................ 1154.5 Where Do Swedish Multinational Companies Employ R&DPersonnel? ......................................................................................... 1184.6 Conclusions and Forward Looking Perspective ................................. 1224.6.1 Conclusions .................................................................................... 1234.6.2 Forward Looking Perspective ......................................................... 123References ........................................................................................................ 125Appendix............................................................................................................ 1265 Swedish ICT Competitiveness and the Globalization of R&DGöran Marklund...................................................................................... 1295.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 1295.2 Economic Developments.................................................................... 1315.2.1 Global Patterns............................................................................... 1315.2.2 Swedish ICT Competitiveness....................................................... 1325.3 Technological Developments ............................................................. 1355.3.1 Global Patterns............................................................................... 1355.3.2 Swedish Technological Capabilities .................................................. 1375.4 ICT Innovation System ....................................................................... 1405.4.1 Globalization Challenges ................................................................ 1415.4.2 The Swedish ICT Innovation System.............................................. 1425.5 Innovation Policy Challenges ............................................................. 1465.5.1 Quest for a New Regime ................................................................ 1465.5.2 ICT Policy Challenges .................................................................... 1475.6 Conclusion ......................................................................................... 149References ........................................................................................................ 1516