The Internationalization of Corporate R&D

THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF CORPORATE R&D6 Open Innovation in the Pharmaceutical IndustryAnna S. Nilsson...................................................................................... 1536.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 1536.2 Where Do Pharmaceutical Companies Conduct R&D?...................... 1546.3 Rationale for Existing Locations of R&D Laboratories........................ 1566.4 Strategies for Localization of New R&D Laboratories......................... 1586.4.1 Access to New Technology and Competence ................................ 1596.4.2 Speed-to-Market ............................................................................. 1596.4.3 R&D Alignment with Market Needs ............................................... 1606.5 The Pros and Cons of Open Innovation ............................................. 1626.6 Conclusion and Implications for Sweden............................................ 164References ........................................................................................................ 1667 New Marketplaces for Problem Solving and TechnologiesEva Ohlin................................................................................................ 1697.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 1697.1.1 Purpose and Questions .................................................................. 1707.2 New Sources for Corporate Innovation .............................................. 1707.2.1 Procter & Gamble ........................................................................... 1717.3 Marketplace for Problem Solving........................................................ 1727.3.1 InnoCentive .................................................................................... 1737.3.2 NineSigma ...................................................................................... 1747.4 Marketplace for Problem Solvers ....................................................... 1757.4.1 YourEncore..................................................................................... 1757.5 Marketplace for Patents and Licenses ............................................... 1767.5.1 yet2.com ......................................................................................... 1777.6 Concluding Discussion ....................................................................... 178References ........................................................................................................ 1838 Silicon Valley: the Global R&D Hub?Helena Jonsson Franchi......................................................................... 1858.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 1858.2 A Dynamic High-Technology State and Region ................................. 1868.2.1 What Is Silicon Valley? ................................................................... 1868.2.2 Success Factors and Signs of Recovery ........................................ 1868.2.3 The Next Big Thing ......................................................................... 1878.3 Internationalization: Dynamics and Driving Forces............................. 1888.3.1 A Globalized Economy ................................................................... 1888.3.2 Internationalization of Corporate Activities...................................... 1898.3.3 Driving Forces................................................................................. 1908.3.4 The Power of Immigrants................................................................ 1918.4 Impact and Effects............................................................................... 1928.4.1 Small, Innovative Companies Stay ................................................. 1928.4.2 The Importance of Capitalizing on Regional Strengths................... 1938.4.3 Change in Employee Structures................................................... 1938.5 Policy Response and Recommendations........................................... 1948.5.1 Anti-Offshoring Bills ........................................................................ 1948.5.2 Indirect Responses ......................................................................... 1958.5.3 Policy Recommendations ............................................................... 1978.6 The Future of the Region ................................................................... 1988.6.1 In Good Shape................................................................................ 1987