A new approach to species delimitation in Septoria - CBS - KNAW

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Verkley et al.to very dark dull green, with numerous dark, radiating hyphae,almost entirely glabrous, few tufts of greyish aerial myceliumin the centre; numerous scattered single or complex pycnidialconidiomata developed already after 1 wk, with a single ostiole orseveral papillate or rostrate openings, from which pale rosy-buffdroplets of conidial slime are released; reverse concolourous.Colonies on CMA 16–18(–20) mm diam in 3 wk (38–50 mm in 6wk), as on OA. Colonies on MEA 9–12(–14) mm diam in 3 wk (27–39 mm in 6 wk), with an even to slightly ruffled buff margin; coloniesrestricted, conical and up to 3 mm high after 3 wk, immersedmycelium near the margin grey-olivaceous, but most of the colonysurface iron grey to greenish black, the outer areas mostly coveredby a low but dense, finely felted, grey aerial mycelium, the centrealmost glabrous; superficial semi-immersed conidiomata releasingpale whitish droplets of conidial slime after 2–3 wk; reverse mostlydark slate blue with olivaceous areas. Colonies on CHA 16–22 mmdiam in 3 wk (39–46 mm in 6 wk), as on MEA, but conidiomatamore numerous, releasing pale whitish to pale rosy-buff droplets orcirrhi of conidial slime, and reverse with a brown-vinaceous tinge.Conidiomata as in planta, pycnidial with a single ostiolum,dark brown to black, rarely merged into complex fruitbodies;conidiogenous cells as in planta, but larger and more oftenintegrated in 1–3-septate conidiophores, 10–15(–23) × 3–6(–7)µm; conidia as in planta, but longer, 36–78(–90) × (1.6–)1.7–2.2µm, contents several oil-droplets in each cell.Hosts: Matricaria spp.Material examined: Netherlands, prov. Limburg, Zuid-Limburg, along roadside nearSavelsbos, on living leaves of Matricaria discoidea (= M. matricarioides), 28 June2000, G. Verkley 960, CBS H-21228, living cultures CBS 109000, 109001. Romania,Suceava, Siret, on leaves of M. discoidea, 7 July 1969, distributed in Contantinescu& Negrean, Herb. mycol. Romanicum Fasc. 40, no. 199, CBS H-18115.Notes: The phylogenetic analyses indicate that S. matricariae isclosest to S. lamiicola, yet rather distant from other Septoria occurringon Asteraceae. The indefinite lesions caused by this speciesare reminiscent of those developed by S. stellariae on Stellariamedia. The leaves seem to whither more rapidly and pycnidiadevelop soon after discolouration of the leaf tissues starts. Stemsare not affected. In the original diagnosis of S. matricariae, basedon material from Matricaria discoidea in Hungary, the conidia aredescribed as continuous and 40–60 × 2–2.5 µm. The Dutch and alsothe Romanian material studied here contain conidia with mostly 1–3septa, but otherwise agree well with Hollós’ description of the type.According to Radulescu et al. (1973) the conidia in material from thesame host plant are also continuous, measuring 25–50 × 1.5–2 µm.As in several other Septoria spp., the septa in S. matricariae are noteasy to observe, and Hollós and others may have overlooked them.Sydow described a Septoria under the same name fromMatricaria chamomilla in Germany with multiseptate conidia 30–60× 1–1.5 µm. The name he proposed was illegitimate because it isa later homonym of S. matricariae Hollós, as is also S. matricariaeCejp et al.. Septoria chamomillae was also described from M.chamomillae in Belgium and has 3–5-septate conidia 35–52 × 1–2µm. Although we have not seen the types of either of these names,we consider them tentatively as synonyms of S. matricariae.Septoria melissae Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot., 20:87. 1853. Fig. 29.≡ Phloeospora melissae (Desm.) Parisi, Bull. Bot. R. Univ. Napoli 6: 292.1921.Description in vitro: Colonies on OA 12–13 mm diam in 2 wk, withan even to slightly ruffled, mostly colourless margin; coloniesrestricted to spreading, somewhat elevated in the centre, immersedmycelium greenish black, with greenish hyphal strands radiating intoor even beyond the colourless margin, the surface mostly glabrousor provided with very diffuse, finely felted, grey aerial hyphae,the elevations in the centre bearing tufts of more well-developed,grey aerial mycelium; conidiomata developing mostly in the centreimmersed or on the agar surface, releasing pale rosy to rosy-buffconidial slime. No diffusing pigment observed. Colonies on MEA5–7(–9) mm diam in 2 wk, with a slightly ruffled margin; coloniesrestricted, pustulate with cerebriform elevations in the centre, thesurface black, covered by a diffuse to dense mat of finely felted,mostly grey aerial mycelium; reverse very dark brown-vinaceous.Conidiomata sparsely developing on the colony surface, releasingdirty reddish brown conidial slime. A very faint pigment is visiblearound the colony.Conidiogenous cells (OA) globose to ampulliform, holoblastic,hyaline, discrete or integrated in 1(–2)-septate conidiophores,proliferating sympodially, percurrent proliferation not observed,4–10 × 3–5 µm. Conidia filiform, straight to flexuous, weakly tomore strongly curved, attenuated gradually to a narrowly rounded,typically pointed apex, attenuated gradually to a narrowly truncateto somewhat rounded base, hyaline, with fine granular material andminute oil-droplets, (0–)3(–5)-septate, (22–)30–50(–61) × 1.5–2µm. Sexual morph unknown.Host: Melissa officinalis.Material examined: Netherlands, Baarn, garden Eemnesserweg, on living leavesof Melissa officinalis, 11 Sep. 2000, H.A. van der Aa s.n. (G. Verkley 1073), CBSH-21169, living cultures CBS 109096, 109097.Notes: This species is the only Septoria described from the genusMelissa. The type material originates from Melissa officinalis inFrance (not seen). According to the short original diagnosis, S.melissae produces conidia 30 × 1.6 µm, and no septa were reported.Radulescu et al. (1973) described the conidia as continuous or with1–3 septa, 25–38 × 1.6 µm. These measurements agree quitewell with those given by Teterevnikova-Babayan (1987; 28–38× 1.5 µm), but Vanev et al. (1997) gave a much wider range ofmeasurements, 20.5–58 × 1.5–2.2 µm (septa 2–5). GeneticallyCBS 109097 is very closely related to S. galeopsidis, but a 5 bpinsertion found in the Btub gene is absent in all sequenced strains ofS. galeopsidis. Septoria melissae can furthermore be distinguishedin culture from S. galeopsidis by the narrower conidia on OA (1.5–2µm, in S. galeopsidis 2–2.5 µm), and the conidiogenous cells,which only proliferate sympodially and not percurrently.Septoria napelli Speg, Decades mycologicae italicae I-XII:no. 117. 1879; Atti Soc. crittog. ital., Ser. 2, 3: 69. 1880. Fig.30.≡ Rhabdospora napelli (Speg.) Petr., Sydowia 11: 376. 1957[misapplication].Description in planta: Symptoms leaf spots hologenous, circular toirregular, single, white to pale greyish, surrounded by a first red,then black, relatively wide border, often completely blackening thenarrow leaflets. Conidiomata pycnidial, epiphyllous, rarely alsohypohyllous, conspicuous, one to many in each leaf spot, globoseto subglobose, black, semi-immersed, 100–150(–200) µm diam;ostiolum central, circular, initially 15–25 µm wide, later opening272
A new approach to species delimitation in SeptoriaFig. 29. Septoria melissae, CBS 109097. A–C. Colonies (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On MEA. C. On MEA, detail of colony margin. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells on OA.E–F. Conidia on OA. Scale bars = 10 µm.more widely; conidiomatal wall 15–28 µm thick, composed oftextura angularis, differentiated layers absent, the cells mostly4–10 µm diam, the outer cells with brown, somewhat thickenedwalls, the inner cells with hyaline and thinner walls. Conidiogenouscells hyaline, cylindrical, broadly to narrowly ampulliform, with adistinct neck of variable length, hyaline, holoblastic, with severaldistinct percurrent proliferations, more rarely also sympodial aftera sequence of percurrent proliferations of the same cell, 10–22 ×3.5–8 µm. Conidia filiform, straight, more often irregularly curved,gradually attenuated to the pointed apex, weakly or more distinctlyattenuated towards the broadly truncate base, (3–)4–5(–7)-septate,not constricted around the septa, hyaline, with several relativelylarge oil-droplets and also minute granular contents in each cell inthe rehydrated state, 59–80 × (1.5–)2–3.5 µm (rehydrated; up to 4µm wide in the living state). Sexual morph unknown.Description in vitro: Colonies on OA 9–15 mm diam in 2 wk (45–53mm in 49 d), with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; immersedmycelium coral to scarlet, with pigment diffusing beyond thecolony margin; colony becoming black in the centre and somewhatelevated due to superficial pycnidia, surrounded by an area withmore scattered pycnidia, releasing flesh to salmon droplets ofconidial slime; aerial mycelium well-developed and dense in thecentre, appressed, woolly, white to pale grey; reverse scarlet tocoral, in the centre blood colour. Colonies on CMA 8–12 mm diamin 2 wk (62–65 mm in 49 d), as on OA. Colonies on MEA 5–9 mmdiam in 2 wk (38–44 mm in 49 d), the margin irregular; coloniesrestricted, with a cerebriform surface, becoming about 5 mm high,the surface soon black, first almost glabrous, later mostly coveredby a dense mat of white to flesh, woolly aerial mycelium; honeyor amber conidial slime masses are released from immersedpycnidia; reverse of the colony dark brick or luteous, paler towardsthe margin. Colonies on CHA 8–13 mm diam in 2 wk (55–58 mmin 49 d), with an even or undulating, colourless margin, partlyhidden under aerial hyphae; immersed mycelium grey-olivaceousor olivaceous-black, covered with well-developed, grey and partlygreenish glaucous, later reddish, aerial mycelium; reverse bloodcolour, the margin paler; in the central part of the colony numerouspycnidia develop, releasing rosy-buff conidial slime.Conidiomata as in vitro pycnidial, ostioli initially barely protruding,but later often growing out to form elongated necks up to 100 µmlong; on CMA conidiomata less differentiated, sometimes withoutostiolum and opening by tearing of the upper wall; conidiogenouscells as in planta, but larger, 10–32 × 3.5–8.5(–10) µm, proliferatingsympodially and also percurrently, with distinct annellations on theelonated necks. Conidia similar in shape as in planta but longer,5–7(–11)-septate, 64–95(–118) × 2–3.5(–4) µm.Hosts: Aconitum spp.www.studiesinmycology.org273
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Page 18 and 19: Verkley et al.CaryophyllaceaeRutace
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Page 22 and 23: Verkley et al.Fig. 3. Caryophyllose
Page 38 and 39: Verkley et al.wk (15-18 mm in 7 wk)
Page 40 and 41: Verkley et al.Conidiomata simple or
Page 42 and 43: Verkley et al.Fig. 16. Septoria cuc
Page 44 and 45: Verkley et al.Fig. 17. Septoria dig
Page 46 and 47: Verkley et al.Baarnsche bos, ex lea
Page 48 and 49: Verkley et al.Septoria galeopsidis
Page 50 and 51: Verkley et al.already considered th
Page 52 and 53: Verkley et al.Fig. 23. Septoria lac
Page 54 and 55: Verkley et al.much more profound di
Page 56 and 57: Verkley et al.Fig. 26. Septoria lyc
Page 58 and 59: Verkley et al.Fig. 27. Septoria lys
Page 62 and 63: Verkley et al.Fig. 30. Septoria nap
Page 64 and 65: Verkley et al.Fig. 31. Septoria par
Page 66 and 67: Verkley et al.Fig. 32. Septoria pet
Page 68 and 69: Verkley et al.Fig. 34. Septoria pol
Page 70 and 71: Verkley et al.CBS 179.77; same area
Page 72 and 73: Verkley et al.0(-9-11?)-septate con
Page 74 and 75: Verkley et al.to 60 µm diam, lacki
Page 76 and 77: Verkley et al.Fig. 38. Septoria sis
Page 78 and 79: Verkley et al.on OA, but olivaceous
Page 80 and 81: Verkley et al.Fig. 41. Septoria urt
Page 82 and 83: Verkley et al.ampulliform to almost
Page 84 and 85: Verkley et al.diam; Conidiogenous c
Page 86: Verkley et al.Notes: The type mater
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