A new approach to species delimitation in Septoria - CBS - KNAW

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Verkley et al.Fig. 46. Sphaerulina tirolensis. A. Conidia in planta (CBS H-21232, holotype). B. Conidia on OA (CBS 109017). Scale bars = 10 µm.mat of white or grey aerial mycelium; a diffusable pigment stainingthe surrounding agar more or less ochreous; reverse usually darkumber or olivaceous-black in the centre, surrounded by ochreous,which later becomes fulvous to apricot. Colonies on CHA 3–4 mmdiam in 2 wk, 5–6 mm in 3 wk (12–16 mm in 7 wk), with an evenbut later more irregular, glabrous, buff, rosy-buff or flesh margin;colonies pustulate to almost hemispherical, the surface olivaceousblackto dark slate blue, glabrous, or covered by diffuse, greyish orflesh aerial mycelium, some colonies later covered by a pure white,dense mat of aerial mycelium; diffusable pigment not observed;reverse blood colour to umber. Cultures produce large masses ofpale flesh conidial slime, aggregating around the colony margin.Conidiomata pycnidial or merged into stromatic complexes.Conidiogenous cells as in planta. Conidia straight to curvedor flexuous, narrowly to broadly rounded at the apex, narrowlytruncate at the base, 3–7(–9)-septate, not constricted around thesepta, hyaline, contents granular with minute oil-droplets, 54–96(–108) × 2.5–3 µm.Host: Rubus idaeus.Material examined: Austria, Tirol, Pitztal, Arzl, on living leaves of Rubus idaeus, 30July 2000, G. Verkley 1021, holotype CBS H-21232, living cultures ex-type CBS109017, 109018.Notes: Sphaerulina tirolensis differs from another septoria-likefungus described on R. idaeus, viz. Rhabdospora rubi var. rubiidaeidescribed from stems of R. idaeus in Romania, with conidia(36–)40–50(–60) × 2(–2.5) µm. Demaree & Wilcox (1943) studiedSeptoria leaf-spot diseases of raspberry (R. idaeus) in NorthAmerica. Cylindrosporium rubi, of which the sexual morph isSphaerulina rubi cf. Demaree & Wilcox (1943), is also different.The sequences of the various protein-coding genes fully supportSphaer. tirolensis as a separate species from the next taxon,Sphaer. westendorpii. The latter can be distinguished from Sphaer.tirolensis by the smaller conidia in planta [24–45(–50) × 1.8–2.2µm] and also in culture [30–68(–80) × 1.5–2(–2.5) µm].Sphaerulina westendorpii Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous,comb. et nom. nov. MycoBank MB804480. Fig. 47.Basionym: Septoria rubi Westend., in Westend. & Wallay, Herb.crypt. Belge, Fasc. 19, no. 938. 1854; Kickx, Fl. crypt. Flandr. 1:432. 1867.= Mycosphaerella rubi Roark, Phytopathology 11: 329. 1921.Description in planta: Symptoms leaf lesions numerous, circularto irregular, single or confluent, pale yellowish brown to greyishbrown, partly well-delimited by a dark red brown line or zone.Conidiomata pycnidial, epiphyllous, several in each lesion,immersed, subglobose to globose, brown to black, 55–90 µmdiam; ostiolum central, circular, initially 20–40 µm wide, laterbecoming more irregular and up to 70 µm wide, surrounding cellssomewhat darker; conidiomatal wall 10–15 µm thick, composed ofa homogenous tissue of hyaline, angular cells 2.5–3.5 µm diam,the outermost cells pale brown with slightly thickened walls, theinner cells thin-walled. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, discrete,rarely integrated in 1-septate conidiophores, narrowly to broadly300
A new approach to species delimitation in SeptoriaFig. 47. Sphaerulina westendorpii. A. conidia in planta (CBS H-21229, epitype); B. conidia on OA (CBS 102327). Scale bars = 10 µm.ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently several timeswith indistinct annellations thus forming a relatively elongated neck,rarely also sympodially, 5–10(–15) × 2.5–3.5(–4) µm. Conidiafiliform-cylindrical, straight, slightly curved to flexuous, narrowlyto broadly rounded at the apex, narrowly truncate at the base,(0–)2–3(–5)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline,contents granular material, sometimes with minute oil-droplets bothin the living and rehydrated state, 24–45(–50) × 1.8–2.2 µm (living;rehydrated, 1.5–2.0 µm wide).Description in vitro: Colonies on OA 8–10 mm diam in 19 d, with aneven, glabrous, colourless or buff to rosy-buff margin; immersedmycelium dark green or dull green, but sectors or other parts ofcolonies may be only olivaceous-buff or rosy-buff to salmon;colonies spreading, with irregular elevations in the centre on whichconidiomata are formed, releasing a whitish conidial slime; aerialmycelium almost absent to well developed and forming a dense,white, woolly-floccose mat; reverse olivaceous-black, locally buffto rosy-buff. Colonies on CMA 5–7(–10) mm diam in 19 d, as onOA, but more distinctly elevated and restricted. In faster growingsectors salmon to ochreous pigmentation (due to weak productionof red pigment?) in a peripheral zone preceedes the formationa dominant greens. Conidial slime also milky white, as on OA.Colonies on MEA 9–12 mm diam in 19 d, with an even, glabrouscolourless to buff margin; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate tohemispherical; immersed mycelium buff to honey near the margin,olivaceous-black in the centre, sometimes mostly honey; almostentirely covered by a dense, appressed mat of white or grey aerialmycelium; a diffusable pigment staining the surrounding agar moreor less ochreous; reverse usually dark umber or olivaceous-black inthe centre, surrounded by ochreous, which later becomes fulvousto apricot. Colonies on CHA 7–9 mm diam in 19 d, with an evenbut later more irregular, glabrous, buff, rosy-buff or flesh margin;colonies pustulate to almost hemispherical, the surface ochreousto sienna, glabrous, or covered by diffuse, greyish or flesh aerialmycelium; diffusable pigment not observed; reverse blood colourto umber.Conidiomata pycnidial or merged into stromatic complexes,as in planta. Conidiogenous cells as in planta, mostly cylindricaland proliferating percurrently, rarely also sympodially, 7–15(–18) ×2.5–3.5(–4) µm; Conidia as in planta but mostly 3–5-septate andconsiderably longer, 30–68(–80) × 1.5–2(–2.5) µm.Hosts: Rubus spp.Material examined: Belgium, Oostacker, near Gand, on leaves of Rubus sp.,isotype BR-MYCO 159265-88, also distributed in Westend. & Wallay, Herb. crypt.Belge, Fasc. 19, no. 938. Czech Republic, Mikulov, on living leaves of Rubussp., 15 Sep. 2008, G. Verkley 6002, CBS H-21257. Netherlands, prov. Limburg,Gerendal, on living leaves of R. fruticosus s.l., 28 June 2000, G. Verkley 964,epitype designated here CBS H-21229 “MBT175362”, living cultures ex-epitypeCBS 109002, 109003; Prov. Limburg, Mookerheide, in mixed forest, on living leavesof R. fruticosus s.l., 9 Sep. 1999, G. Verkley 923, CBS H-21205, living culture CBS102327; same loc. and substr., 23 Aug. 2004, G. Verkley & M. Starink 3036, CBSH-21263, living culture CBS 117478; same substr., Prov. Limburg, St. Jansbergnear Plasmolen, in mixed forest, G. Verkley 924, CBS H-21206; Prov. Flevoland,Erkemeder strand, in sandy dunes, on living leaves of R. fruticosus s.l., 8 Sep. 1999,G. Verkley 930, CBS H-21210.Notes: Jørstad (1965) discussed the problems regarding thetaxonomy of Septoria species described from Rubus. Some of thelater described taxa have been placed in synonymy with Septoriarubi, but most still need to be reevaluated based on fresh material,culture studies, and molecular characterisation. The type materialin BR contains several well-preserved leaves of the R. fruticosuscomplex, showing typical symptoms. Fruitbodies investigatedcontained mostly 1–3-septate conidia, 17.5–40 × 1–1.5 µm, andwith the typical shape of this common fungus on Rubus spp. Thespecimen CBS H-21229 from R. fruticosus in the south of theNetherlands, is chosen as epitype. This species is nested withinthe Sphaerulina-clade, and a new name in Sphaerulina shouldwww.studiesinmycology.org301
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Verkley et al.CaryophyllaceaeRutace
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Verkley et al.CaryophyllaceaeRutace
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Verkley et al.Fig. 3. Caryophyllose
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Page 60 and 61: Verkley et al.to very dark dull gre
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