A new approach to species delimitation in Septoria - CBS - KNAW

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Verkley et al.diam; Conidiogenous cells hyaline, discrete, doliiform, or narrowlyto broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially,sometimes also percurrently with indistinct annellations, 5–12.5(–15) × 3–4(–8) µm. Conidia cylindrical, regularly curved, attenuatedgradually to a rounded or somewhat pointed apex and a narrowlytruncate base, (0–)1–3(–5)-septate, distinctly constricted aroundthe septa only in the fresh state, hyaline, contents with severalminute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the livingstate, with amorphous material and granular contents in therehydrated state, (20–)24–40 × 3–4 µm (living; rehydrated, 2–3µm wide). Sexual morph unknown.Description in vitro: Colonies on OA 4–7mm diam in 2 wk (12–16 mm in 6 wk), with an even, glabrous, buff margin; coloniesspreading, the surface first plane, then somewhat pustulate,immersed mycelium a mixture of fawn and rosy-buff tinges, locallydarker olivaceous, the surface largely covered by a rosy-buff tovinaceous buff masses or a film of conidial slime produced directlyby the mycelium; reverse rosy-buff with isabelline to hazel areas,later darker in the centre. Colonies on CMA 3–4 mm diam in 2 wk(8–12 mm in 6 wk), as on OA. Colonies on MEA 4.5–7 mm diamin 2 wk (9–14(–16) mm in 6 wk), restricted, the entire surface ofthe colony regularly cerebriform with large masses of conidialslime (also covering the margin), first salmon, later darkening toochreous or umber, eventually even chestnut; reverse sienna tobay. Colonies on CHA 4–6 mm diam in 2 wk (11–14 mm in 6 wk),as on MEA.Conidia (OA) as in planta, but showing secondary conidiation,1–8(–16)-septate, conidia germinating from intermediatecells (laterally) or the basal cells (axially) to form new conidialfragments of variable length, or branched complexes, rendering aheterogeneous mixture.Host: Cornus sanguinea.Material examined: Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Kussa-Rheinheim, 3 Sep. 1999,A. Aptroot 46371, CBS H-21191. Netherlands, Prov. Noord Brabant, Eindhoven,Milieu- & Educatiecentrum Eindhoven, on living leaves of Cornus sanguinea, 4 Sep.1999, A. van Iperen (G. Verkley 918), CBS H-21237, living cultures CBS 102324,102332; same substr., prov. Limburg, Gulpen, near Stokhem, 28 June 2000, G.Verkley 963, CBS H-21238. USA, Maryland, Prince Georges Co., on C. sanguinea,14 Sep. 2004, A. Y. Rossman 4089 (BPI), living culture CBS 116778.Notes: The material examined has the typical conidia of Sphaerulinacornicola, agreeing with those described by Farr (1991). Septoriacornina can be distinguished from Sphaer. cornicola by morevariously curved, most commonly hooked, falcate or lunate conidia(23–)32–90(–110) × 2–4(–5) µm with rounded apex (Farr 1991,Shin & Sameva 2004). The phylogenetic relationship with S.cornina remains to be clarified.Sphaerulina frondicola (Fr.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous,comb. nov. MycoBank MB804477.Basionym: Septoria populi Desm, Annls Sci. Nat., sér 2, Bot., 19:345. 1843. nom. nov. pro Depazea frondicola Fr., Observationesmycologicae, 2: 365, t. 5: 6–7. 1818.≡ Sphaeria frondicola (Fr.) Fr., Syst. Mycol. 2: 529. 1822.= Sphaerella populi Auersw., in Gonnermann & Rabenhorst, Mycol. eur.Abbild. Sämmtl. Pilze Eur. 5–6: 11 .1869.≡ Mycosphaerella populi (Auerw.) J. Schroet., in Cohn, Krypt.-Fl.Schlesien (Breslau) 3.2 (3): 336. 1894.Description in vitro (CBS 391.59): Colonies on OA 3–5 mm diamin 2 wk, with an even or slightly ruffled, colourless, glabrousmargin; colonies restricted and up to 2 mm high after 2 wk,immersed mycelium mostly olivaceous to dark herbage green,with moderately developed, greyish white, woolly-floccose aerialmycelium; numerous large, simple or complex, olivaceous toreddish brown stromatic conidiomata formed that open widelyto release masses of rosy-buff conidial slime; reverse mostlyolivaceous-black. Colonies on MEA 2–3(–4) mm diam in 2 wk,with a ruffled, buff, glabrous margin; colonies restricted, up to 2mm high, irregularly pustulate, the surface appearing dark brownto black, but with numerous hemispherical stromata at the surfacewhich are fawn to vinaceous brown, some of which start sporulatingdirectly from the surface forming masses of rosy-buff conidial slimeafter 2 wk; aerial mycelium scarce, locally denser, white; reversealmost black. Colonies on CHA 4–6 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even,rosy-buff margin covered by pure white, woolly aerial mycelium;colonies restricted, up to 2 mm high, immersed mycelium entirelyhidden under a dense mat of pure white, high, woolly aerialmycelium; reverse brown-vinaceous in the centre, surrounded bya rosy-buff to buff marginal zone.Conidiomata not well-developed.Conidiogenous cells observed holoblastic, some cells with a singlepercurrent proliferation. Conidia showing signs of degeneration. Inaddition, cylindrical to dumpbell-shaped spermatia or microconidia,(5.5–)7.5–13.5(–14.5) × 1.2–1.7 mm, are formed from phialides inthe same fruitbodies.Host: Populus pyramidalis.Material examined: Germany, Berlin-Kladow, on living leaves of Populuspyramidalis, Dec. 1959, R. Schneider s.n., BBA 8987, CBS H-18150, living cultureCBS 391.59Notes: CBS 391.59 groups in a subclade of the Sphaerulinaclade(Fig. 2), that was named after the type species Sphaerulinamyriadea that resides in it (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). Closest relativesare the other poplar pathogens Sphaer. populicola (syns Septoriapopulicola Peck, Mycosphaerella populicola, CBS 100042) andseveral isolates of Sphaer. musiva (synonyms Septoria musiva,Mycosphaerella populorum). CBS 391.59 now only developsatypical sporulating structures not described in detail here.Sphaerulina gei (Roberge ex Desm.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg &Crous, comb. nov. MycoBank MB804475. Fig. 45E–G.Basionym: Septoria gei Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 2,Bot. 19: 343. 1843.Description in planta: Symptoms leaf lesions irregular, greyishbrown, well-delimited by a dark brown line, surrounding leaf tissueoften yellowish; Conidiomata pycnidial, amphigenous thoughpredominantly epiphyllous, numerous in each lesion, subgloboseto cupulate, brown to black, 35–80 µm diam; ostiolum central,circular, initially 35–60 µm wide, later becoming more irregular andup to 80 µm wide, surrounding cells dark brown; conidiomatal wall10–15 µm thick, composed of a homogenous tissue of hyaline,angular cells 2.5–6.5 µm diam, the outermost cells pale brown withslightly thickened walls, the inner cells thin-walled. Conidiogenouscells hyaline, discrete, rarely also integrated in 1–2-septateconidiophores, cylindrical or narrowly to broadly ampulliform,holoblastic, often with a relatively narrow and elongated neck,proliferating percurrently several times with distinct annellations,rarely also sympodially, 6–10(–15) × 3.5–5(–6) µm. Conidia filiform,slightly curved to flexuous, rarely straight, narrowly rounded at theapex, narrowly truncate at the base, (0–)2–5(–8)-septate (septa296
A new approach to species delimitation in SeptoriaFig. 45. A–D. Sphaerulina hyperici. A–C. Colonies CBS 102313. A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells in planta (CBS H-21194, epitype).E–G. Sphaerulina gei. E. Colony on OA (KACC 44051 = CBS 128632). F. Conidia and conidiogenous cells in planta (CBS H-21194, epitype). G. Ibid., on OA (CBS 102318).Scale bars = 10 µm.very thin and easily overlooked), not constricted around the septa,hyaline, contents with several minute oil-droplets and granularmaterial in each cell in the living state, with minute oil-droplets andgranular contents in the rehydrated state, 33–65(–75) × 2–2.8(–3)µm (living; rehydrated, 1.8–2.5 µm wide). Sexual morph unknown.Description in vitro: Colonies on OA 6–8(–15) mm diam in 3 wk, withan even, glabrous, colourless to buff margin; colonies spreading,immersed mycelium at first buff to rosy-buff, tardily becomingolivaceous to olivaceous-black, occassionally some sectorsremaining buff; aerial mycelium mostly wanting, but sometimes witha few greyish tufts, the surface of the colony centre soon covered byrosy-buff masses of conidial slime, produced from conidiogenouscells directly on the mycelium or in pycnidial conidiomata; reverseolivaceous-black, margin buff. Colonies on CMA 7–9 mm diam in3 wk, as on OA, but green pigmentation developing more rapidly.Colonies on MEA 7–9(–11) mm diam in 3 wk, with an irregular,glabrous, rosy-buff margin; a reddish pigment diffusing into theagar; colony spreading to restricted, the surface cerebriform toirregularly lobed, up to 2 mm high, very dark, but locally coveredeither by grey, felted aerial mycelium or masses of salmon conidialslime, produced directly from hyphae or in superficial stromatalconidiomata; reverse rust to chestnut. Colonies on CHA 6–7(–10)mm diam in 3 wk, colony features and sporulation as on MEA, butthe margin covered by whitish aerial mycelium; diffusing pigmentalso present. Sporulating structures on OA very similar to those inplanta, but conidia up to 85 µm long.Hosts: Geum spp.Material examined: Czech Republic, Bohemia, near Tábor, on living leavesof Geum urbanum, 20 July 1903, F. Bubák, distributed in Kabát & Bubák, Fungiimperfecti exsicc. 114, PC 0084558. France, Caen, on living leaves of G. urbanum,“Col. Desmazieres 1863, no. 8, 58”, “Jun-Sep. 1842”, isotype PC 0084556; forestnear Caen, on living leaves of G. urbanum, 1841, Roberge, PC 0084555. Germany,Brandenburg, Buchmühle near Lagow, on living leaves of G. urbanum, 10 Sep.1909, P. Sydow, PC 0084559. Korea, Hoengseong, on living leaves of G. japonicum,H.D. Shin, living culture CBS 128616 = KACC 43029 = SMKC 22748; same substr.,Pyeongchang, H.D. Shin, living culture CBS 128632 = KACC 44051 = SMKC 23686.Latvia, prov. Vidzeme, Kr. Riga, Ogre, on living leaves of G. urbanum, 19 July 1936,J. Smarods, PC 0084557. Netherlands, Prov. Limburg, Schimperbosch, SW ofVaals, on the same substr., 29 Aug. 1999. H.A. van der Aa s.n., CBS H-21168; Prov.Noord Holland, Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen, Panneland, on living leaves ofG. urbanum, 31 Aug. 1999, G. Verkley & A. van Iperen 914, epitype designatedhere CBS H-21167 “MBT175360”, living culture ex-epitype CBS 102318. Romania,distr. Prahova, Muntenia, Cheia, on living leaves of G. rivale, T. Săvulescu & C.Sandhu, distributed in Săvulescu, Herb. Mycol. Romanicum 8, 377, PC 0084560.Sweden, Gotland, Endre parish, Hulte, on living leaves of G. urbanum, 16 July1898, T. Vestergren, PC 0084561.www.studiesinmycology.org297
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Verkley et al.CaryophyllaceaeRutace
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Verkley et al.CaryophyllaceaeRutace
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Verkley et al.Fig. 3. Caryophyllose
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Page 60 and 61: Verkley et al.to very dark dull gre
Page 62 and 63: Verkley et al.Fig. 30. Septoria nap
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A new approach to species delimitation in Septoria - CBS - KNAW

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