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Verkley et al.Fig. 41. Septoria urticae, epitype. A. Conidia andconidiogenous cells in planta (CBS H-21221). B. Ibid.,on OA (CBS 102371). Scale bars = 10 µm.often first proliferating sympodially, and later also percurrently 1–several times with distinct annellations, 6–12(–16) × 4–5.5(–7)µm. Conidia cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, flexuous, orirregularly bent, with a narrowly rounded apex, attenuated towardsthe narrowly truncate base, (0–)1–5(–7)-septate, not constrictedaround the septa, hyaline, contents with several oil-droplets andgranular material in each cell in the living state, with inconspicuousoil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (18–)30–57(–75) × 2– 3 µm (living; rehydrated, 2–2.5 µm wide). Sexualmorph unknown.Description in vitro: Colonies on OA 6–7 mm diam in 2 wk (19–22 mm in 6 wk), with an even, glabrous, red to coral margin, thepigment also clearly diffusing beyond the margin; colonies almostplane, immersed mycelium near the margin red, in the centre verydark, blood colour to black, also due to mostly superficial pycnidialconidiomata releasing pale flesh droplets of conidial slime; white,felty aerial mycelium scanty, mostly only just behind the margin;reverse concolorous. Colonies on CMA 4-6 mm diam in 2 wk (16–17 mm in 6 wk), as on OA. Colonies on MEA 6–7(–9) mm diam in2 wk [20–22(–28) mm in 6 wk], with an even, buff to very pale fleshplane marginal zone; the pigment diffusing into the medium; colonyoften hemispherical with an irregularly pustulate-worty surface,immersed mycelium very dark chestnut to black, aerial myceliumabsent, except in faster growing sectors, which are entirely coveredby a dense, felty mat of reddish aerial mycelium; superficial pycnidialconidiomata releasing dirty white to flesh droplets of conidial slime.Colonies on CHA 4–6 mm diam in 2 wk (17–22 mm in 6 wk), ason MEA, but with an initially ruffled (later more even), rather darkmargin and more numerous conidiomata producing flesh dropletsof conidial slime.Conidiomata (OA) pycnidial, pale brown to dark brown,glabrous, 100–230 µm diam, with a single ostiolum as in planta,or ostioli barely differentiated; conidiogenous cells as in planta,but more often integrated in 1–2-septate conidiophores, often onlyproliferating percurrently with distinct annellations on an elongatedneck, 6–14 × 3–7.5 µm; conidia cylindrical, straight or slightlycurved, tapering to a rounded apex, lower part attenuated into abroad truncate base, 1–7(–9)-septate, not constricted around thesepta, hyaline, with several minute oil-droplets and numerousgranulae in each cell, (34–)40–70(–90) ×2.5–3(–3.5) µm.Hosts: Urtica spp. and Glechoma hederacea.Material examined: Netherlands, Prov. Utrecht, Soest, Overhees, on living leavesof Glechoma hederacea, in leaf spots associated with Puccinia glechomatis, 8 Aug.1999, G. Verkley 904, CBS H-21197, living culture CBS 102316; Prov. Utrecht, ‘sGraveland, Kortenhoefse plassen, “Oppad”, on living leaves of Urtica dioica, 14 Oct.1999, H.A. van der Aa & G. Verkley 947, epitype designated here CBS H-21221“MBT175359”, living cultures ex-epitype CBS 102371, 102375.292
A new approach to species delimitation in SeptoriaFig. 42. Septoria verbenae. A. Conidia and conidiogenous cells in planta(CBS H-21241). B. Conidia on OA (CBS 113438). Scale bars = 10 µm.Notes: Muthumary (1999) provided a description and illustrationof type material of S. urticae (PC 1309). Because there are onlyinsignificant differences between his observations of the type andthose observed here in the Dutch collection on the same host, Urticadioica, the latter is selected as epitype. Muthumary reported ostioli20–40 µm wide, while in the Dutch material the ostioli eventuallyopen up further to about 80 µm wide. Muthumary observedconidia 35–50 × 2–2.5 µm with 3–4 septa, but other authors havefound that conidia in planta can be much longer and have moresepta. Jørstad (1965) found that conidia in Norwegean materialon U. dioica were 22–81 × 1–1.5 µm, with up to 6 septa. Priest(2006), who studied material on U. insidia and U. urens in Australiareported conidia (26–)35–50(–70) × 1.5–2 µm, 3–5-septate. Thepresent study shows that in vitro conidia can even be up to 90µm long in this species. The material from Glechoma hederaceaesporulating in association with the rust Puccinia glechomatis,proved morphologically in good agreement with that on Urticadioica, and since it is also genetically similar to the material fromthat host, it is regarded conspecific. Other Septoria species havealso occasionally been found in association with rust sori, viz., S.lagenophorae, which is regarded to be a hyperparasite of rusts,and occasionally also other leaf-spotting fungi (Priest 2006).According to Muthumary, the conidiogenous cells of S. urticaeeach produce a solitary terminal conidium and often also proliferatesympodially. It is established here that S. urticae is also capableof proliferating percurrently, and that this mode of proliferation ismore frequent in pure culture. In contrast, Priest (2006) observedconidiogenous cells that first produced a conidium holoblastically,and subsequent conidia enteroblastically at the same level from anarrow conidiogenous locus, viz. like in phialidic conidiogenesis. It isunclear whether this is truly phialidic conidiogenesis, or just crypticpercurrent proliferation as observed in S. chrysanthemella, wherethe scars of the subsequent secessions are indistinguishable dueto the limitations in the resolution of the light microscope (Verkley1998a).Septoria verbenae Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér.3, Bot., 8: 19. 1847. Fig. 42.Description in planta: Symptoms stem lesions and leaf spots small,angular to irregular, and merging to elongated areas, initially red topurplish red, then becoming pale in the centre with a darker border.Conidiomata pycnidial, epiphyllous, one to a few in each lesion,globose, dark brown, immersed, 70–140 µm diam; ostiolum central,circular, 25–40 µm wide, surrounding cells dark; conidiomatal wallabout 12.5–20 µm thick, composed of a homogenous tissue oftextura angularis with hyaline cells 2.5–7.5 µm diam, the outermostcells mid brown with somewhat thickened walls, the inner cellsthin-walled and pale yellowish brown. Conidiogenous cells hyaline,discrete, or integrated in 1–2-septate conidiophores, narrowlywww.studiesinmycology.org293
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Verkley et al.CaryophyllaceaeRutace
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Verkley et al.CaryophyllaceaeRutace
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Verkley et al.Fig. 3. Caryophyllose
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