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NPNF2-08. Basil: Letters and Select Works - Holy Bible Institute

NPNF2-08. Basil: Letters and Select Works - Holy Bible Institute

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Ascetic.to be pledged to join the community till they are old enough to underst<strong>and</strong> what they areabout. 573573 Reg. fus. tract. xv. After the Regulæ are printed, in Garnier’s Ed. 34, Constitutiones Monasticæ, with thenote that their genuineness is more suspicious than that of any of the ascetic writings. They treat of the detailsof monastic life, of the virtues to be cultivated in it <strong>and</strong> the vices to be avoided. Sozomen (H.E. iii. 14) has beensupposed to refer to them. All later criticism has been unfavourable to them. cf. Maran, Vit. Bas. xliii. 7; CeillierVI. viii. 3; Fessler, p. 524. It may be remarked generally that the asceticism of St. <strong>Basil</strong> is eminently practical.He has no notion of mortification for mortification’s sake,—no praise for the self-advertising <strong>and</strong> vain-gloriousrigour of the Stylites. Neglecting the body, or “not sparing the body” by exaggerated mortification, in is cclviii.condemned as Manichæism. It is of course always an objection to exclusive exaltation of the ascetic life that itis a kind of moral docetism, <strong>and</strong> ignores the fact that Christianity has not repudiated all concern with the body,but is designed to elevate <strong>and</strong> to purify it. (cf. Böhringer vii. p. 150.) <strong>Basil</strong> may be not unjustly criticised fromthis point of view, <strong>and</strong> accused of the very Manichæism which he distinctly condemns. But it will be rememberedthat he recognises the holiness of marriage <strong>and</strong> family life, <strong>and</strong> if he thinks virginity <strong>and</strong> cœnobitism a higherlife, has no mercy for the dilettante asceticism of a morbid or indolent “incivisme.” Valens, from the point ofview of a master of legions, might deplore monastic celibacy, <strong>and</strong> press Egyptian monks by thous<strong>and</strong>s into theranks of his army. (cf. Milman, Hist. Christ. iii. 47.) <strong>Basil</strong> from his point of view was equally positive that hewas making useful citizens, <strong>and</strong> that his industrious associates, of clean <strong>and</strong> frugal lives, were doing good service.“En effet, le moine basilien, n’est pas, comme le cénobite d’Égypte, séparé du monde par un mur infranchissable‘Les poissons meurent,’ disait Saint Antoine, ‘qu<strong>and</strong> on les tire de l’eau, et les moines s’énervent dans les villes;rentrons vîte dans les montagnes, comme les poissons dans l‘eau.’ (Montalembert, Moines d’Occident, i. 61.) Lesmoines basiliens vivent aussi dans la solitude pour gagner le ciel, mais ils ne veulent pas le gagner seuls.…Lesprincipaux, au moins, doivent se mêler à la société pour l’instruire. Cet homme à la chevelure négligée, à la demarcheposie, dont l’œil nes s’égare jamais, ouvre son monastère à ses sembables, ou va les trouver, du moment qu’il s’agitde leur edification. Son contact fortifie le clergé; il entre lui-même dans les ordres, et devient collaborateur del’évêque. Il va aux fètes des martyrs et prêche dans les églises. Il entre dans les maisons, prend part aux conversations,aux repas, et, tout en evitant les longs entretiens et les liaisons aux les femmes, et le directeur et le compagnon depiété des âmes.…Le moine ne doit pas seulement soulager les mœux de l’âme. Les maisons des pauvres, dont secouvrait une parlie de l’Asie Mineure, étatent des asiles ouverts toutes les souffrances physiques.…Pour <strong>Basil</strong>e, cesdeux institutions, le monastère et la maisons des pauvres, quoique séparées et distinctes, n’en formaient qu’une.A ses yeux, les secours corporels n’etaient qu’un moyen d’arriver à l’âme. Pendant que la main du moine servaitles voyageurs, nourissait les pauvres, pausait les malades, ses lèvres leur distribuatent une aumône plus précieuse,celle de la parole de Dieu.” Fialon, Ét Historique, pp. 51–53. A high ideal! Perhaps never more nearly realizedthan in the Cappadocian cœnobia of the fourth century.95

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