NPNF2-08. Basil: Letters and Select Works - Holy Bible Institute

On the Firmament.says, who strengthens the thunder. 1472 Scripture means by the strengthening of the thunder,the strength and resistance of the wind, which, enclosed in the hollows of the clouds, producesthe noise of thunder when it breaks through with violence. 1473 Here then, according to me,is a firm substance, capable of retaining the fluid and unstable element water; and as, accordingto the common acceptation, it appears that the firmament owes its origin to water, wemust not believe that it resembles frozen water or any other matter produced by the filtrationof water; as, for example, rock crystal, which is said to owe its metamorphosis to excessivecongelation, 1474 or the transparent stone 1475 which forms in mines. 1476 This pellucid stone,if one finds it in its natural perfection, without cracks inside, or the least spot of corruption,almost rivals the air in clearness. We cannot compare the firmament to one of these substances.To hold such an opinion about celestial bodies would be childish and foolish; andalthough everything may be in everything, fire in earth, air in water, and of the other elementsthe one in the other; although none of those which come under our senses are pure andwithout mixture, either with the element which serves as a medium for it, or with that whichis contrary to it; I, nevertheless, dare not affirm that the firmament was formed of one ofthese simple substances, or of a mixture of them, for I am taught by Scripture not to allowmy imagination to wander too far afield. But do not let us forget to remark that, after thesedivine words “let there be a firmament,” it is not said “and the firmament was made” but,“and God made the firmament, and divided the waters.” 1477 Hear, O ye deaf! See, O yeblind!—who, then, is deaf? He who does not hear this startling voice of the Holy Spirit.Who is blind? He who does not see such clear proofs of the Only begotten. 1478 “Let there681472 Amos iv. 13, LXX.1473 Pliny (Hist. Nat. ii. 43) writes: “Si in nube luctetur flatus aut vapor, tonitrua edi: si erumpat ardens,fulmina; si longiore tractu nitatur, fulgetra. His findi nubem, illis perrumpi. Etesse tonitrua impactorum igniumplagas.” cf. Sen., Quæst. Nat. ii. 12.1474 ᾽Εμπεδοκλῆς στερέμνιον εἶναι τὸν οὐρανὸν ἐξ ἀ& 153·ρος συμπαγέντος ὑπὸ πυρὸς κρυσταλλοειδῶς,τὸ πυρῶδες καὶ ἀερῶδες ἐν ἑκατέρῳ τῶν ἡμισφαιρίων περιέχοντα. (Plutarch περὶ τῶν ἀρεσκόντῶν τοῖςφιλοσόφοις, ii. 11.) Pliny (Hist. Nat. xxxvii. 9) says that crystal is made “gelu (vide Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors,ii. 1) vehementiore concreto…glaciem que esso certum est; unde et nomen græci dedere.” So Seneca, Quæst. Nat.iii. 25. Diodorus Siculus, however, asserts it “coalescere non a frigore sed divini ignis potentia.” (Bibl. ii. 134.)1475 i.e. the “Lapis Specularis,” or mica, which was used for glazing windows. cf. Plin., Ep. ii. 17, and Juv.,Sat. iv. 21.1476 Mica is found in large plates in Siberia, Peru, and Mexico, as well as in Sweden and Norway.1477 Gen. i. 7.1478 With Christian associations it is startling to read at the end of the Timæus that the Cosmos is the εἰκὼντοῦ Θεοῦ, or, according to another reading, itself Θεός,… μονογενὴς ὤν.282