Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

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annual fishery ex-vessel revenues of less than $150,000. Chapter 4 provides further informationon each of these fisheries.Table 12: Ex-vessel Revenues from Hawaii’s Demersal FisheriesPounds SoldEx-vessel RevenueCoral reef species (2005) 701,624 $1,796,764MHI bottomfish (2003) 272,569 $1,460,000NWHI bottomfish (2003) 222,000 $851,219MHI crustaceans (2005) 10,091 $110,927Precious corals (1997) 415 $10,394Total 1,206,699 $4,229,30488
CHAPTER 4: DESCRIPTION OF HAWAII ARCHIPELAGO FISHERIES4.1 IntroductionChapter 4 describes the fisheries of the Hawaii Archipelago and provides background on thehistory of fishing by the residents of the area, including information on catches, landings, andbycatch for each fishery managed under this FEP. For more information, please see the Council’sFMP, FMP amendments and associated annual reports. Additional information is available in a2008 environmental assessment for the Crustaceans FMP, a 2001 Final EIS for the Coral ReefEcosystems FMP, 2007 and 2008 environmental assessments for the Precious Corals FMP, a2005 Final EIS to the Bottomfish FMP, and a 2007 Final Supplemental EIS to the BottomfishFMP. The information presented in this chapter represents a summary of all the availableinformation relative to the fisheries covered by this FEP. Although this FEP will apply only toFederal waters around the Hawaii Archipelago, fisheries in nearshore (i.e., State of Hawaii)waters are also discussed so as to provide a comprehensive examination of fishing impacts on thearea’s demersal ecosystem.4.2 Hawaii Archipelago Bottomfish Fisheries4.2.1 History and Patterns of UseBottomfish fishing was a part of the economy and culture of the indigenous people of Hawaiilong before European explorers first visited the islands. Descriptions of traditional fishingpractices indicate that Native Hawaiians harvested the same deep-sea bottomfish species as themodern fishery and used some of the same specialized gear and techniques employed today.The deep-slope bottomfish fishery in Hawaii concentrates on species of eteline snappers (e.g.,opakapaka), carangids (e.g., jacks), and a single species of grouper (hapuupuu) concentrated atdepths of 30–150 fathoms. The fishery can be divided into two geographical areas: (a) theinhabited MHI with their surrounding reefs and offshore banks and the (b) NWHI, a 1,200-nautical mile chain of largely uninhabited islets, reefs, and shoals. In the MHI, approximately 47percent of the bottomfish habitat lies in state waters (Parke, 2007) Bottomfish fishing groundswithin federal waters around the MHI include Middle Bank, most of Penguin Bank, andapproximately 45 nautical miles of 100-fathom bottomfish habitat in the Maui–Lanai–Molokaicomplex. For management purposes, the NWHI fishery has been separated into the closer MauZone between 165° W and 161°20' W, and the more northwestern Hoomalu Zone to the west of165° W. The entire NWHI bottomfish fishery occurs within Federal waters as fishing isprohibited in State waters and all vessels are required to carry active vessel monitoring systems.In the small-boat bottomfish fishery that is active around the MHI, the distinction betweenrecreational and commercial fishermen is extremely tenuous, with many otherwise recreationalfishermen selling small amounts of fish to cover trip expenses. With the exception of noncommercialfishing participants fishing in federal waters,the MHI bottomfish fishery is notsubject to federal permit or reporting requirements but commercial fishermen (those who sell onefish during the year) are required to obtain commercial marine licenses (CML) and to submit89
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Fishery Ecosystem Plan for the Hawa
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successful management of marine eco
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TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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8.2.4 Fishery Data Requirements....
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Western Pa
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FRFA: Final Regulatory Flexibility
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DEFINITIONSAdaptive Management: A p
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Fishery: One or more stocks of fish
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Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA):
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 Introduc
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The EPAP (1999) reached consensus t
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EPAP’s 1999 report to Congress re
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Objective 7: To promote the safety
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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Family Name Scientific Name English
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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as two additional members (fisherme
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1.7.2 Community Groups and Projects
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2. Ke kahea (proper introduction or
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CHAPTER 2: TOPICS IN ECOSYSTEM APPR
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ensuring long-term sustainability b
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ecosystem in order to implement eff
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issues. One alternative would be to
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The community program of the Counci
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denser than the continental portion
Page 58 and 59: hydrogen sides and a negative charg
Page 60 and 61: Figure 5: Depth Profile of Ocean Zo
Page 62 and 63: southern boundary of the Subartic F
Page 64 and 65: Near the equator, intense solar hea
Page 66 and 67: The Caroline Islands (~850 square m
Page 68 and 69: (~436 square miles) and Savai`i (~6
Page 70 and 71: and include fish, mollusks, crustac
Page 72 and 73: Figure 10: Benthic EnvironmentSourc
Page 74 and 75: eefs are often too slow to keep up
Page 76 and 77: factors, control coral reef communi
Page 78 and 79: Kauai: Kauai is the oldest and wett
Page 80 and 81: A major portion of the primary prod
Page 82 and 83: parts of banks may be composed of r
Page 84 and 85: size of the reef area surveyed, bas
Page 86 and 87: The families of bottomfish and seam
Page 88 and 89: the mesopelagic community migration
Page 90 and 91: Physical and biological oceanograph
Page 92 and 93: Migratory routes of leatherback tur
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Page 96 and 97: turtles outnumber adults 100:1. The
Page 98 and 99: Humpback whales migrate through wat
Page 100 and 101: The 2004 U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal
Page 102 and 103: Historically, the short-tailed alba
Page 104 and 105: Table 9: Hawaii’s “Export” In
Page 106 and 107: Cost of Living Analysis: Ratio of H
Page 110 and 111: State catch reports reporting their
Page 112 and 113: 1200(1000 lbs)100080060040020001986
Page 114 and 115: sources have been used to assess by
Page 116 and 117: Protected Species InteractionsThe 1
Page 118 and 119: • Killer whale (Orcinus orca)•
Page 120 and 121: levels for all fisheries, and a pro
Page 122 and 123: annually) to meet the FMP’s overf
Page 124: 4.2.4 Bottomfish MSYA 2009 report b
Page 128 and 129: is not recorded by NMFS, dockside r
Page 130 and 131: percentage of the total catch if me
Page 132 and 133: 4.3.3 Status of Crustaceans Fishery
Page 134 and 135: maneuverable tools to harvest indiv
Page 136 and 137: • Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides
Page 138 and 139: MSYs for the Makapuu Established Be
Page 140 and 141: 3. A moratorium on gold coral harve
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Page 144 and 145: estrictions for sale or for capture
Page 146 and 147: Seine nets are actively deployed ar
Page 148 and 149: 4.5.3 Status of Coral Reef Fisherie
Page 150 and 151: commercial harvests of the “red f
Page 152 and 153: commercial catches and to count the
Page 154 and 155: The National Standard Guidelines fo
Page 156 and 157: Source: Restrepo et al. 1998In Figu
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from having fallen below MSST. In t
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vessel that landed at least 6,000lb
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By June 30 of each year, a Council-
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In addition to the thresholds MFMT
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The best information available is u
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More recently, PIFSC published a st
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The fishery management area for the
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Hawaii. In addition, the holder of
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5.4.6 Closed SeasonsLobster fishing
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was related to the lobster fishery,
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ecommendation of Restrepo et al. (1
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Figure 22: Combination of Control R
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cm) from the top surface of the liv
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Table 25: Estimates of MSY of Preci
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5.6.2 NotificationAny special permi
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Clearly, any given species that is
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Weke CPUE120100Pounds per record806
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1948-1952 aggregate 1995-1999 aggre
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CHAPTER 6: IDENTIFICATION AND DESCR
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eviewing and refining EFH designati
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The eggs and larvae of all BMUS are
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juvenile and adult spiny lobster is
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Instead, the Council designated the
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Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
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Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
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Table 30: Occurrence of Currently H
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Table 31: Summary of EFH Designatio
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Species Assemblage/Complex EFH (Egg
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MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
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MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
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The relatively long pelagic larval
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BottomfishandSeamountGroundfishSpec
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Table 35: Coral Reef Ecosystem HAPC
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necessary at this time. However, th
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Table 36: Threats to Coral Reefs in
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• Biological availability of toxi
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9. The best land management practic
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maximum extent possible. Sampling d
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Coral Reef Ecosystem Species• The
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SubsistencerepresentativesEcosystem
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island society. Rapid changes in th
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The Council is serving as a role mo
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CHAPTER 8: CONSISTENCY WITH APPLICA
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Table 38: Bycatch Reporting Methodo
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The measures in this FEP are consis
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MUSEFH(Juveniles and Adults)EFH(Egg
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The management and conservation mea
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deterrence provisions set forth in
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conservation measures to proceed. I
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CHAPTER 9: STATE, LOCAL AND OTHER F
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when on June 15, 2006, President Ge
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CHAPTER 10: PROPOSED REGULATIONSIn
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Symp. on Sea Turtle Biology and Con
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Cliffton K., D. Cornejo, R., and Fe
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Druffel, E. R. M., Griffin, S., Wit
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Pacific. In K. Bjorndal, ed. Biolog
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Hodge, R. and B. Wing. 2000. Occurr
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Khang S.E. and R.Grigg. 2005. Impac
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turtle species known to date. FAO s
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NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Ser
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Resources of the South Pacific: Inf
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Reina, R .D., P. A. Mayor, J. R. Sp
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Smith, S.V. 1978. Coral-reef area a
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Wakeford, R. 2005. Personal Communi
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Wilson, R.R., and R.S. Kaufman. 198
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