Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

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Instead, the Council designated the six known beds of precious corals as EFH. The Councilbelieves that the narrow EFH designation will facilitate the consultation process. In addition, theCouncil designated three black coral beds in the MHI—between Milolii and South Point onHawaii, Auau Channel between Maui and Lanai, and the southern border of Kauai—as EFH.6.2.4 Coral Reef EcosystemsIn designating EFH for Coral Reef Ecosystem MUS, the Council used an approach similar to oneused by both the South Atlantic and the Pacific Fishery Management Councils. Using thisapproach, MUS are linked to specific habitat “composites” (e.g., sand, live coral, seagrass beds,mangrove, open ocean) for each life history stage, consistent with the depth of the ecosystem to50 fathoms and to the limit of the EEZ.Except for several of the major coral reef associated species, very little is known about the lifehistories, habitat utilization patterns, food habits, or spawning behavior of most coral reefassociated species. For this reason, the Council, through the CRE FMP, designated EFH using atwo-tiered approach based on the division of MUS into the Currently Harvested Coral Reef Taxa(CHCRT) and Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa (PHCRT) categories. This is alsoconsistent with the use of habitat composites. Please see the Coral Reef Ecosystems FMP fordetails on these designations.Currently Harvested Coral Reef Taxa MUSIn the first tier, EFH has been identified for species that (a) are currently being harvested in stateand federal waters and for which some fishery information is available and (b) are likely to betargeted in the near future based on historical catch data. Tables 29-30 summarize the habitattypes used by CHCRT species.To reduce the complexity and the number of EFH identifications required for individual speciesand life stages, the Council has designated EFH for species assemblages pursuant to 50 CFR600.815 (a)(2)(ii)(E). The designation of these complexes is based on the ecological relationshipsamong species and their preferred habitat. These species complexes are grouped by the knowndepth distributions of individual MUS. The EFH designations for CHCRT in Hawaii aresummarized in Table 31.Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa MUSEFH has also been designated for the second tier, PHCRT. These taxa include literally thousandsof species encompassing almost all coral reef fauna and flora. However, there is very littlescientific knowledge about the life histories and habitat requirements of the thousands of speciesof organisms that compose these taxa. In fact, a large percentage of these biota have not beendescribed by science. Therefore, the Council has used the precautionary approach in designatingEFH for PHCRT so that enough habitat is protected to sustain managed species. Table 32summarizes the habitat types used by PHCRT species. The designation of EFH for PHCRT inHawaii is summarized in Table 33. As with CHCRT, the Council has designated EFH for speciesassemblages pursuant to the federal regulations cited above.182
Table 29: Occurrence of Currently Harvested Management Unit SpeciesHabitats: Mangrove (Ma), Lagoon (La), Estuarine (Es), Seagrass Beds (SB), Soft substrate (Ss), Coral Reef/Hard Substrate (Cr/Hr),Patch Reefs (Pr), Surge Zone (Sz), Deep-Slope Terraces (DST), Pelagic/Open Ocean (Pe)Life history stages: Egg (E), Larvae (L), Juvenile (J), Adult (A), Spawners (S)Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz DST PeAcanthuridae (surgeonfishes)Subfamily Acanthurinae (surgeonfishes)Orange-spot surgeonfish (Acanthurusolivaceus)Yellowfin surgeonfish (Acanthurusxanthopterus)Convict tang (Acanthurus triostegus)Eye-striped surgeonfish (Acanthurusdussumieri)Blue-lined surgeon (Acanthurus nigroris)Whitebar surgeonfish (Acanthurusleucopareius)Whitecheek surgeonfish (Acanthurusnigricans)White-spotted surgeonfish (Acanthurusguttatus)Ringtail surgeonfish (Acanthurus blochii)Brown surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigrofuscus)Yellow-eyed surgeonfish (Ctenochaetusstrigosus)J A, J, S A, J, S J A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A,J A, J E, L183
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Fishery Ecosystem Plan for the Hawa
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successful management of marine eco
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TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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8.2.4 Fishery Data Requirements....
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Western Pa
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FRFA: Final Regulatory Flexibility
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DEFINITIONSAdaptive Management: A p
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Fishery: One or more stocks of fish
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Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA):
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 Introduc
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The EPAP (1999) reached consensus t
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EPAP’s 1999 report to Congress re
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Objective 7: To promote the safety
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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Family Name Scientific Name English
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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as two additional members (fisherme
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1.7.2 Community Groups and Projects
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2. Ke kahea (proper introduction or
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CHAPTER 2: TOPICS IN ECOSYSTEM APPR
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ensuring long-term sustainability b
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ecosystem in order to implement eff
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issues. One alternative would be to
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The community program of the Counci
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denser than the continental portion
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hydrogen sides and a negative charg
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Figure 5: Depth Profile of Ocean Zo
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southern boundary of the Subartic F
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Near the equator, intense solar hea
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The Caroline Islands (~850 square m
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(~436 square miles) and Savai`i (~6
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and include fish, mollusks, crustac
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Figure 10: Benthic EnvironmentSourc
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eefs are often too slow to keep up
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factors, control coral reef communi
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Kauai: Kauai is the oldest and wett
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A major portion of the primary prod
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parts of banks may be composed of r
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size of the reef area surveyed, bas
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The families of bottomfish and seam
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the mesopelagic community migration
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Physical and biological oceanograph
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Migratory routes of leatherback tur
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seem to have a more carnivorous die
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turtles outnumber adults 100:1. The
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Humpback whales migrate through wat
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The 2004 U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal
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Historically, the short-tailed alba
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Table 9: Hawaii’s “Export” In
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Cost of Living Analysis: Ratio of H
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annual fishery ex-vessel revenues o
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State catch reports reporting their
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1200(1000 lbs)100080060040020001986
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sources have been used to assess by
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Protected Species InteractionsThe 1
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• Killer whale (Orcinus orca)•
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levels for all fisheries, and a pro
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annually) to meet the FMP’s overf
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4.2.4 Bottomfish MSYA 2009 report b
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is not recorded by NMFS, dockside r
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percentage of the total catch if me
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4.3.3 Status of Crustaceans Fishery
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maneuverable tools to harvest indiv
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• Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides
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MSYs for the Makapuu Established Be
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3. A moratorium on gold coral harve
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2,000,000$2,500,0001,800,0001,600,0
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estrictions for sale or for capture
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Seine nets are actively deployed ar
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4.5.3 Status of Coral Reef Fisherie
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commercial harvests of the “red f
Page 152 and 153: commercial catches and to count the
Page 154 and 155: The National Standard Guidelines fo
Page 156 and 157: Source: Restrepo et al. 1998In Figu
Page 158 and 159: from having fallen below MSST. In t
Page 160 and 161: vessel that landed at least 6,000lb
Page 162 and 163: By June 30 of each year, a Council-
Page 164 and 165: In addition to the thresholds MFMT
Page 166 and 167: The best information available is u
Page 168 and 169: More recently, PIFSC published a st
Page 170 and 171: The fishery management area for the
Page 172 and 173: Hawaii. In addition, the holder of
Page 174 and 175: 5.4.6 Closed SeasonsLobster fishing
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Page 178 and 179: ecommendation of Restrepo et al. (1
Page 180 and 181: Figure 22: Combination of Control R
Page 182 and 183: cm) from the top surface of the liv
Page 184 and 185: Table 25: Estimates of MSY of Preci
Page 186 and 187: 5.6.2 NotificationAny special permi
Page 188 and 189: Clearly, any given species that is
Page 190 and 191: Weke CPUE120100Pounds per record806
Page 192 and 193: 1948-1952 aggregate 1995-1999 aggre
Page 194 and 195: CHAPTER 6: IDENTIFICATION AND DESCR
Page 196 and 197: eviewing and refining EFH designati
Page 198 and 199: The eggs and larvae of all BMUS are
Page 200 and 201: juvenile and adult spiny lobster is
Page 204 and 205: Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
Page 206 and 207: Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
Page 208 and 209: Table 30: Occurrence of Currently H
Page 210 and 211: Table 31: Summary of EFH Designatio
Page 212 and 213: Species Assemblage/Complex EFH (Egg
Page 214 and 215: MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
Page 216 and 217: MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
Page 218 and 219: The relatively long pelagic larval
Page 220 and 221: BottomfishandSeamountGroundfishSpec
Page 222 and 223: Table 35: Coral Reef Ecosystem HAPC
Page 224 and 225: necessary at this time. However, th
Page 226 and 227: Table 36: Threats to Coral Reefs in
Page 228 and 229: • Biological availability of toxi
Page 230 and 231: 9. The best land management practic
Page 232 and 233: maximum extent possible. Sampling d
Page 234 and 235: Coral Reef Ecosystem Species• The
Page 236 and 237: SubsistencerepresentativesEcosystem
Page 238 and 239: island society. Rapid changes in th
Page 240 and 241: The Council is serving as a role mo
Page 242 and 243: CHAPTER 8: CONSISTENCY WITH APPLICA
Page 244 and 245: Table 38: Bycatch Reporting Methodo
Page 246 and 247: The measures in this FEP are consis
Page 248 and 249: MUSEFH(Juveniles and Adults)EFH(Egg
Page 250 and 251: The management and conservation mea
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deterrence provisions set forth in
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conservation measures to proceed. I
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CHAPTER 9: STATE, LOCAL AND OTHER F
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when on June 15, 2006, President Ge
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CHAPTER 10: PROPOSED REGULATIONSIn
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Symp. on Sea Turtle Biology and Con
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Cliffton K., D. Cornejo, R., and Fe
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Druffel, E. R. M., Griffin, S., Wit
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Pacific. In K. Bjorndal, ed. Biolog
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Hodge, R. and B. Wing. 2000. Occurr
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Khang S.E. and R.Grigg. 2005. Impac
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turtle species known to date. FAO s
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NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Ser
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Resources of the South Pacific: Inf
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Reina, R .D., P. A. Mayor, J. R. Sp
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Smith, S.V. 1978. Coral-reef area a
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Wakeford, R. 2005. Personal Communi
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Wilson, R.R., and R.S. Kaufman. 198
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