Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

• Turbidity plumes• Resuspension of fine-grained mineral particlesComposition of the substrate alteredConservation Measures1. Mining in areas identified as a coral reef ecosystem should be avoided.2. Mining in areas of high biological productivity should be avoided.3. Mitigation should be provided for loss of habitat due to mining.Water Intake StructuresImpacts• Entrapment, impingement, and entrainment• Loss of prey speciesConservation Measures1. New facilities that rely on surface waters for cooling should not be located in areaswhere coral reef organisms are concentrated. Discharge points should be located inareas that have low concentrations of living marine resources, or they shouldincorporate cooling towers that employ sufficient safeguards to ensure against release ofblow-down pollutants into the aquatic environment.2. Intake structures should be designed to prevent entrainment or impingement of MUSlarvae and eggs.3. Discharge temperatures (both heated and cooled effluent) should not exceed thethermal tolerance of the plant and animal species in the receiving body of water.4. Mitigation should be provided for the loss of EFH from placement of the intakestructure and delivery pipeline.Aquaculture FacilitiesImpacts• Discharge of organic waste from the farms• Impacts to the seafloor below the cages or pens (including moorings or anchors)Conservation Measures1. Facilities should be located in upland areas as often as possible. Tidally influencedwetlands should not be enclosed or impounded for mariculture purposes. This includeshatchery and grow-out operations. Siting of facilities should also take into account thesize of the facility, the presence or absence of submerged aquatic vegetation and coralreef ecosystems, proximity of wild fish stocks, migratory patterns, competing uses,hydrographic conditions, and upstream uses. Benthic productivity should be determinedby sampling prior to any operations. Areas of high productivity should be avoided to the211