Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

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The relatively long pelagic larval phase for palinurids results in very wide dispersal of spinylobster larvae. Palinurid larvae are transported up to 2,000 nautical miles by prevailing oceancurrents. Because phyllosoma larvae are transported by the prevailing ocean currents outside ofEEZ waters, the Council has identified habitat in these areas as “important habitat.” To dateHAPC has not been identified or designated for deepwater shrimp.6.3.3 Precious CoralsThe Council designated three of the six precious coral beds—Makapuu, Wespac and BrooksBank—as habitat areas of particular concern. Makapuu bed was designated as HAPC because ofthe ecological function it provides, the rarity of the habitat type, and its sensitivity to humaninducedenvironmental degradation. The potential commercial importance and the amount ofscientific information that has been collected on Makapuu bed were also considered. Wespac bedwas designated as HAPC because of the ecological function it provides and the rarity of thehabitat type. Its refugia status was also considered. Brooks Bank was designated HAPC becauseof the ecological function it provides and the rarity of the habitat type. Its possible importance asforaging habitat for the Hawaiian monk seal was also considered. For black corals, the Councildesignated the Auau Channel as HAPC because of the ecological function it provides, the rarityof the habitat type and its sensitivity to human-induced environmental degradation. Itscommercial importance was also considered.6.3.4 Coral Reef EcosystemsBecause of the already-noted lack of scientific data, the Council considered locations that areknown to support populations of Coral Reef Ecosystem MUS and meet NMFS criteria forHAPC. Although not one of the criteria established by NMFS, the Council considereddesignating areas that are already protected—for example, wildlife refuges—as HAPC. TheCoral Reef Ecosystem MUS HAPCs for Hawaii identified in Table 35 have met at least one ofthe four criteria listed above, or the fifth criterion (i.e., protected areas) identified by the Council.However, a great deal of life history work needs to be done in order to adequately identify theextent of HAPCs and link them to particular species or life stages.198
Table 34: EFH and HAPC Designations for Hawaii Archipelago FEP MUSBottomfishandSeamountGroundfishSpecies Complex EFH HAPCShallow-water species (0–50 fm): uku (Aprionvirescens), thicklip trevally (Pseudocaranxdentex), giant trevally (Caranx ignoblis), blacktrevally (Caranx lugubris), amberjack (Serioladumerili), taape (Lutjanus kasmira)Eggs and larvae: the water columnextending from the shoreline to theouter limit of the EEZ down to adepth of 400 m (200 fm).Juvenile/adults: the water columnand all bottom habitat extendingfrom the shoreline to a depth of 400m (200 fm)All slopes andescarpments between40–280 m (20 and 140fm)Three known areas ofjuvenile opakapakahabitat: two off Oahuand one off MolokaiBottomfishandSeamountGroundfishDeep-water species (50–200 fm): ehu (Eteliscarbunculus), onaga (Etelis coruscans), opakapaka(Pristipomoides filamentosus), yellowtail kalekale(P. auricilla), kalekale (P. sieboldii), gindai (P.zonatus), hapuupuu (Epinephelus quernus), lehi(Aphareus rutilans)Eggs and larvae: the water columnextending from the shoreline to theouter limit of the EEZ down to adepth of 400 m (200 fathoms)Juvenile/adults: the water columnand all bottom habitat extendingfrom the shoreline to a depth of 400meters (200 fm)All slopes andescarpments between40–280 m (20 and 140fm)Three known areas ofjuvenile opakapakahabitat: two off Oahuand one off Molokai199
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Fishery Ecosystem Plan for the Hawa
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successful management of marine eco
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TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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8.2.4 Fishery Data Requirements....
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Western Pa
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FRFA: Final Regulatory Flexibility
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DEFINITIONSAdaptive Management: A p
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Fishery: One or more stocks of fish
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Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA):
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 Introduc
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The EPAP (1999) reached consensus t
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EPAP’s 1999 report to Congress re
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Objective 7: To promote the safety
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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Family Name Scientific Name English
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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as two additional members (fisherme
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1.7.2 Community Groups and Projects
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2. Ke kahea (proper introduction or
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CHAPTER 2: TOPICS IN ECOSYSTEM APPR
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ensuring long-term sustainability b
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ecosystem in order to implement eff
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issues. One alternative would be to
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The community program of the Counci
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denser than the continental portion
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hydrogen sides and a negative charg
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Figure 5: Depth Profile of Ocean Zo
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southern boundary of the Subartic F
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Near the equator, intense solar hea
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The Caroline Islands (~850 square m
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(~436 square miles) and Savai`i (~6
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and include fish, mollusks, crustac
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Figure 10: Benthic EnvironmentSourc
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eefs are often too slow to keep up
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factors, control coral reef communi
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Kauai: Kauai is the oldest and wett
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A major portion of the primary prod
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parts of banks may be composed of r
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size of the reef area surveyed, bas
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The families of bottomfish and seam
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the mesopelagic community migration
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Physical and biological oceanograph
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Migratory routes of leatherback tur
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seem to have a more carnivorous die
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turtles outnumber adults 100:1. The
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Humpback whales migrate through wat
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The 2004 U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal
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Historically, the short-tailed alba
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Table 9: Hawaii’s “Export” In
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Cost of Living Analysis: Ratio of H
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annual fishery ex-vessel revenues o
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State catch reports reporting their
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1200(1000 lbs)100080060040020001986
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sources have been used to assess by
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Protected Species InteractionsThe 1
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• Killer whale (Orcinus orca)•
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levels for all fisheries, and a pro
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annually) to meet the FMP’s overf
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4.2.4 Bottomfish MSYA 2009 report b
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is not recorded by NMFS, dockside r
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percentage of the total catch if me
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4.3.3 Status of Crustaceans Fishery
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maneuverable tools to harvest indiv
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• Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides
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MSYs for the Makapuu Established Be
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3. A moratorium on gold coral harve
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2,000,000$2,500,0001,800,0001,600,0
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estrictions for sale or for capture
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Seine nets are actively deployed ar
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4.5.3 Status of Coral Reef Fisherie
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commercial harvests of the “red f
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commercial catches and to count the
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The National Standard Guidelines fo
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Source: Restrepo et al. 1998In Figu
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from having fallen below MSST. In t
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vessel that landed at least 6,000lb
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By June 30 of each year, a Council-
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In addition to the thresholds MFMT
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The best information available is u
Page 168 and 169: More recently, PIFSC published a st
Page 170 and 171: The fishery management area for the
Page 172 and 173: Hawaii. In addition, the holder of
Page 174 and 175: 5.4.6 Closed SeasonsLobster fishing
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Page 178 and 179: ecommendation of Restrepo et al. (1
Page 180 and 181: Figure 22: Combination of Control R
Page 182 and 183: cm) from the top surface of the liv
Page 184 and 185: Table 25: Estimates of MSY of Preci
Page 186 and 187: 5.6.2 NotificationAny special permi
Page 188 and 189: Clearly, any given species that is
Page 190 and 191: Weke CPUE120100Pounds per record806
Page 192 and 193: 1948-1952 aggregate 1995-1999 aggre
Page 194 and 195: CHAPTER 6: IDENTIFICATION AND DESCR
Page 196 and 197: eviewing and refining EFH designati
Page 198 and 199: The eggs and larvae of all BMUS are
Page 200 and 201: juvenile and adult spiny lobster is
Page 202 and 203: Instead, the Council designated the
Page 204 and 205: Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
Page 206 and 207: Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
Page 208 and 209: Table 30: Occurrence of Currently H
Page 210 and 211: Table 31: Summary of EFH Designatio
Page 212 and 213: Species Assemblage/Complex EFH (Egg
Page 214 and 215: MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
Page 216 and 217: MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
Page 220 and 221: BottomfishandSeamountGroundfishSpec
Page 222 and 223: Table 35: Coral Reef Ecosystem HAPC
Page 224 and 225: necessary at this time. However, th
Page 226 and 227: Table 36: Threats to Coral Reefs in
Page 228 and 229: • Biological availability of toxi
Page 230 and 231: 9. The best land management practic
Page 232 and 233: maximum extent possible. Sampling d
Page 234 and 235: Coral Reef Ecosystem Species• The
Page 236 and 237: SubsistencerepresentativesEcosystem
Page 238 and 239: island society. Rapid changes in th
Page 240 and 241: The Council is serving as a role mo
Page 242 and 243: CHAPTER 8: CONSISTENCY WITH APPLICA
Page 244 and 245: Table 38: Bycatch Reporting Methodo
Page 246 and 247: The measures in this FEP are consis
Page 248 and 249: MUSEFH(Juveniles and Adults)EFH(Egg
Page 250 and 251: The management and conservation mea
Page 252 and 253: deterrence provisions set forth in
Page 254 and 255: conservation measures to proceed. I
Page 256 and 257: CHAPTER 9: STATE, LOCAL AND OTHER F
Page 258 and 259: when on June 15, 2006, President Ge
Page 260 and 261: CHAPTER 10: PROPOSED REGULATIONSIn
Page 262 and 263: Symp. on Sea Turtle Biology and Con
Page 264 and 265: Cliffton K., D. Cornejo, R., and Fe
Page 266 and 267: Druffel, E. R. M., Griffin, S., Wit
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Pacific. In K. Bjorndal, ed. Biolog
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Hodge, R. and B. Wing. 2000. Occurr
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Khang S.E. and R.Grigg. 2005. Impac
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turtle species known to date. FAO s
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NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Ser
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Resources of the South Pacific: Inf
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Reina, R .D., P. A. Mayor, J. R. Sp
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Smith, S.V. 1978. Coral-reef area a
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Wakeford, R. 2005. Personal Communi
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Wilson, R.R., and R.S. Kaufman. 198
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Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

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