Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

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The management and conservation measures contained in this FEP for targeting crustaceanspecies are being carried forth from the Crustaceans FMP and no additional measures areproposed at this time. Therefore, the Council believes that the proposed crustacean fishingactivities under this FEP not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any threatened orendangered species under NMFS’s jurisdiction or destroy or adversely modify critical habitat.In a biological opinion issued in October 1978, NMFS concluded that the ongoing operation ofthe Western Pacific Region’s precious coral fisheries was not likely to jeopardize the continuedexistence of any threatened or endangered species under NMFS’s jurisdiction or destroy oradversely modify critical habitat (NMFS 1978).An informal consultation completed by NMFS in February 2008 concluded that HawaiiArchipelago precious coral fisheries are not likely to adversely affect any ESA-listed species orcritical habitat.The management and conservation measures contained in this FEP for targeting precious coralsare being carried forth from the Precious Corals FMP and no additional measures are proposed atthis time. Therefore, the Council believes that the proposed precious coral fishing activitiesunder this FEP not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any threatened or endangeredspecies under NMFS’s jurisdiction or destroy or adversely modify critical habitat.An informal consultation completed by NMFS on March 7, 2002 concluded that that fishingactivities conducted under the Coral Reef Ecosystems FMP are not likely to adversely affectendangered or threatened species or critical habitat under NMFS’s jurisdiction (NMFS 2002b).On May 22, 2002, the USFWS concurred with the determination of NMFS that the activitiesconducted under the Coral Reef Ecosystems FMP are not likely to adversely affect listed speciesunder USFWS’s exclusive jurisdiction (i.e., seabirds and terrestrial plants) and listed speciesshared with NMFS (i.e., sea turtles).The management and conservation measures contained in this FEP for targeting coral reefspecies are being carried forth from the Coral Reef Ecosystems FMP and no additional measuresare proposed at this time. Therefore, the Council believes that the proposed coral reef fishingactivities under this FEP not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any threatened orendangered species under NMFS’s jurisdiction or destroy or adversely modify critical habitat.8.6 Marine Mammal Protection ActUnder section 118 of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), NMFS must publish, at leastannually, a List of Fisheries (LOF) that classifies U.S. commercial fisheries into one of threecategories. These categories are based on the level of serious injury and mortality of marinemammals that occurs incidental to each fishery. Specifically, the MMPA mandates that eachfishery be classified according to whether it has frequent, occasional, or a remote likelihood of orno-known incidental mortality or serious injury of marine mammals.NMFS uses fishery classification criteria, which consist of a two-tiered, stock-specific approach.230
This two-tiered approach first addresses the total impact of all fisheries on each marine mammalstock and then addresses the impact of individual fisheries on each stock. This approach is basedon the rate, in numbers of animals per year, of incidental mortalities and serious injuries ofmarine mammals due to commercial fishing operations relative to a stock’s Potential BiologicalRemoval (PBR) level. The PBR level is defined in 50 CFR 229.2 as the maximum number ofanimals, not including natural mortalities that may be removed from a marine mammal stockwhile allowing that stock to reach or maintain its optimum sustainable population.Tier 1:If the total annual mortality and serious injury across all fisheries that interact with a stock is lessthan or equal to 10 percent of the PBR level of this stock, all fisheries interacting with this stockwould be placed in Category III. Otherwise, these fisheries are subject to the next tier of analysisto determine their classification.Tier 2:Category I: Annual mortality and serious injury of a stock in a given fishery is greater than orequal to 50 percent of the PBR level.Category II: Annual mortality and serious injury of a stock in a given fishery is greater than 1percent and less than 50 percent of the PBR level.Category III: Annual mortality and serious injury of a stock in a given fishery is less than orequal to 1 percent of the PBR level.All of the demersal fisheries conducted in waters around the Hawaii Archipelago are listed asCategory III (73 FR 73032, December 1, 2008). Fisheries managed under this FEP are notexpected to change their historical fishing operations or patterns as a result of implementation ofthe FEP. Therefore, no increased impacts on marine mammals that occur in the waters aroundthe Hawaii Archipelago are expected. The regulations governing Category III fisheries (found at50 CFR 229.5) are listed below:§ 229.5 Requirements for Category III fisheries.• (a) General. Vessel owners and crew members of such vessels engaged only in CategoryIII fisheries may incidentally take marine mammals without registering for or receivingan Authorization Certificate.• (b) Reporting. Vessel owners engaged in a Category III fishery must comply with thereporting requirements specified in §229.6.• (c) Disposition of marine mammals. Any marine mammal incidentally taken must beimmediately returned to the sea with a minimum of further injury unless directedotherwise by NMFS personnel, a designated contractor, or an official observer, orauthorized otherwise by a scientific research permit in the possession of the operator.• (d) Monitoring. Vessel owners engaged in a Category III fishery must comply with theobserver requirements specified under §229.7(d).• (e) Deterrence. When necessary to deter a marine mammal from damaging fishing gear,catch, or other private property, or from endangering personal safety, vessel owners andcrew members engaged in commercial fishing operations must comply with all231
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Fishery Ecosystem Plan for the Hawa
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successful management of marine eco
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TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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8.2.4 Fishery Data Requirements....
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Western Pa
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FRFA: Final Regulatory Flexibility
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DEFINITIONSAdaptive Management: A p
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Fishery: One or more stocks of fish
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Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA):
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 Introduc
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The EPAP (1999) reached consensus t
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EPAP’s 1999 report to Congress re
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Objective 7: To promote the safety
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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Family Name Scientific Name English
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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as two additional members (fisherme
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1.7.2 Community Groups and Projects
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2. Ke kahea (proper introduction or
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CHAPTER 2: TOPICS IN ECOSYSTEM APPR
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ensuring long-term sustainability b
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ecosystem in order to implement eff
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issues. One alternative would be to
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The community program of the Counci
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denser than the continental portion
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hydrogen sides and a negative charg
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Figure 5: Depth Profile of Ocean Zo
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southern boundary of the Subartic F
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Near the equator, intense solar hea
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The Caroline Islands (~850 square m
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(~436 square miles) and Savai`i (~6
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and include fish, mollusks, crustac
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Figure 10: Benthic EnvironmentSourc
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eefs are often too slow to keep up
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factors, control coral reef communi
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Kauai: Kauai is the oldest and wett
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A major portion of the primary prod
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parts of banks may be composed of r
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size of the reef area surveyed, bas
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The families of bottomfish and seam
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the mesopelagic community migration
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Physical and biological oceanograph
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Migratory routes of leatherback tur
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seem to have a more carnivorous die
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turtles outnumber adults 100:1. The
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Humpback whales migrate through wat
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The 2004 U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal
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Historically, the short-tailed alba
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Table 9: Hawaii’s “Export” In
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Cost of Living Analysis: Ratio of H
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annual fishery ex-vessel revenues o
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State catch reports reporting their
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1200(1000 lbs)100080060040020001986
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sources have been used to assess by
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Protected Species InteractionsThe 1
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• Killer whale (Orcinus orca)•
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levels for all fisheries, and a pro
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annually) to meet the FMP’s overf
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4.2.4 Bottomfish MSYA 2009 report b
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is not recorded by NMFS, dockside r
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percentage of the total catch if me
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4.3.3 Status of Crustaceans Fishery
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maneuverable tools to harvest indiv
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• Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides
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MSYs for the Makapuu Established Be
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3. A moratorium on gold coral harve
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2,000,000$2,500,0001,800,0001,600,0
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estrictions for sale or for capture
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Seine nets are actively deployed ar
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4.5.3 Status of Coral Reef Fisherie
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commercial harvests of the “red f
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commercial catches and to count the
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The National Standard Guidelines fo
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Source: Restrepo et al. 1998In Figu
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from having fallen below MSST. In t
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vessel that landed at least 6,000lb
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By June 30 of each year, a Council-
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In addition to the thresholds MFMT
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The best information available is u
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More recently, PIFSC published a st
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The fishery management area for the
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Hawaii. In addition, the holder of
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5.4.6 Closed SeasonsLobster fishing
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was related to the lobster fishery,
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ecommendation of Restrepo et al. (1
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Figure 22: Combination of Control R
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cm) from the top surface of the liv
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Table 25: Estimates of MSY of Preci
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5.6.2 NotificationAny special permi
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Clearly, any given species that is
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Weke CPUE120100Pounds per record806
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1948-1952 aggregate 1995-1999 aggre
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CHAPTER 6: IDENTIFICATION AND DESCR
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eviewing and refining EFH designati
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The eggs and larvae of all BMUS are
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Page 212 and 213: Species Assemblage/Complex EFH (Egg
Page 214 and 215: MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
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Page 218 and 219: The relatively long pelagic larval
Page 220 and 221: BottomfishandSeamountGroundfishSpec
Page 222 and 223: Table 35: Coral Reef Ecosystem HAPC
Page 224 and 225: necessary at this time. However, th
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Page 230 and 231: 9. The best land management practic
Page 232 and 233: maximum extent possible. Sampling d
Page 234 and 235: Coral Reef Ecosystem Species• The
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Page 238 and 239: island society. Rapid changes in th
Page 240 and 241: The Council is serving as a role mo
Page 242 and 243: CHAPTER 8: CONSISTENCY WITH APPLICA
Page 244 and 245: Table 38: Bycatch Reporting Methodo
Page 246 and 247: The measures in this FEP are consis
Page 248 and 249: MUSEFH(Juveniles and Adults)EFH(Egg
Page 252 and 253: deterrence provisions set forth in
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Page 256 and 257: CHAPTER 9: STATE, LOCAL AND OTHER F
Page 258 and 259: when on June 15, 2006, President Ge
Page 260 and 261: CHAPTER 10: PROPOSED REGULATIONSIn
Page 262 and 263: Symp. on Sea Turtle Biology and Con
Page 264 and 265: Cliffton K., D. Cornejo, R., and Fe
Page 266 and 267: Druffel, E. R. M., Griffin, S., Wit
Page 268 and 269: Pacific. In K. Bjorndal, ed. Biolog
Page 270 and 271: Hodge, R. and B. Wing. 2000. Occurr
Page 272 and 273: Khang S.E. and R.Grigg. 2005. Impac
Page 274 and 275: turtle species known to date. FAO s
Page 276 and 277: NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Ser
Page 278 and 279: Resources of the South Pacific: Inf
Page 280 and 281: Reina, R .D., P. A. Mayor, J. R. Sp
Page 282 and 283: Smith, S.V. 1978. Coral-reef area a
Page 284 and 285: Wakeford, R. 2005. Personal Communi
Page 286: Wilson, R.R., and R.S. Kaufman. 198
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