Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

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MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DST PeSea Snails (gastropods) A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S E, LOpistobranchs (sea slugs) A, J A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J E, LPinctada margaritifera (black lipped pearloyster)A, J A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S E, LTridacnidae A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S E, LOther bivalves A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S E, LCephalopods All A, J, S All All All All All E, LOctopodidae A, J, S All A, J, S All All All All All LCrustaceans A, J All A, J A, J A, J All All All LLobsters All A, J All All All LShrimp/Mantis All A, J A, J A, J All All All LCrabs A, J All A, J A, J A, J All All All LAnnelids A, J, S A J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S A, J, S E, LAlgae All All All All All All All AllLive rock A, J A, J A, J, A A, J, A A J, A E, LTable 33: Summary of EFH Designations for Potentially Harvested Coral Reef TaxaSpecies Assemblage/Complex EFH (Egg and Larvae) EFH (Adult and Juvenile)All Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa EFH for all life stages of Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa is designated as thewater column and bottom habitat from the shoreline to the outer boundary of the EEZ toa depth of 50 fm.196
6.3 HAPC DesignationsIn addition to EFH, the Council identified habitat areas of particular concern (HAPCs) withinEFH for all FMPs. HAPCs are specific areas within EFH that are essential to the life cycle ofimportant coral reef species. In determining whether a type or area of EFH should be designatedas an HAPC, one or more of the following criteria established by NMFS should be met: (a) theecological function provided by the habitat is important; (b) the habitat is sensitive to humaninducedenvironmental degradation; (c) development activities are, or will be, stressing thehabitat type; or (d) the habitat type is rare. However, it is important to note that if an area meetsonly one of the HAPC criteria, it will not necessarily be designated an HAPC. Table 33summarizes the EFH and HAPC designations for all Western Pacific Archipelagic FEP MUS,including Hawaii Archipelago FEP MUS.6.3.1 BottomfishOn the basis of the known distribution and habitat requirements of adult bottomfish, the Councildesignated all escarpments/slopes between 40–280 meters throughout the Western PacificRegion, including the Hawaii Archipelago, as bottomfish HAPC. In addition, the Councildesignated the three known areas of juvenile opakapaka habitat (two off Oahu and one offMolokai) as HAPC. The basis for this designation is the ecological function that these areasprovide, the rarity of the habitat, and the susceptibility of these areas to human-inducedenvironmental degradation. Off Oahu, juvenile snappers occupy a flat, open bottom of primarilysoft substrate in depths ranging from 40 to 73 meters. This habitat is quite different from thatutilized by adult snappers. Surveys suggest that the preferred habitat of juvenile opakapaka in thewaters around Hawaii represents only a small fraction of the total habitat at the appropriatedepths. Areas of flat featureless bottom have typically been thought of as providing low-valuefishery habitat. It is possible that juvenile snappers occur in other habitat types, but in such lowdensities that they have yet to be observed.The recent discovery of concentrations of juvenile snappers in relatively shallow water andfeatureless bottom habitat indicates the need for more research to help identify, map, and studynursery habitat for juvenile snapper.6.3.2 CrustaceansResearch indicates that banks with summits less than 30 meters support successful recruitment ofjuvenile spiny lobster while those with summit deeper than 30 meters do not. For this reason, theCouncil has designated all banks in the NWHI with summits less than 30 meters as HAPC. Thebasis for designating these areas as HAPC is the ecological function provided, the rarity of thehabitat type, and the susceptibility of these areas to human-induced environmental degradation.The complex relationship between recruitment sources and sinks of spiny lobsters is poorlyunderstood. The Council feels that in the absence of a better understanding of these relationships,the adoption of a precautionary approach to protect and conserve habitat is warranted.197
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Fishery Ecosystem Plan for the Hawa
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successful management of marine eco
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TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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8.2.4 Fishery Data Requirements....
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Western Pa
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FRFA: Final Regulatory Flexibility
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DEFINITIONSAdaptive Management: A p
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Fishery: One or more stocks of fish
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Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA):
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 Introduc
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The EPAP (1999) reached consensus t
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EPAP’s 1999 report to Congress re
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Objective 7: To promote the safety
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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Family Name Scientific Name English
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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as two additional members (fisherme
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1.7.2 Community Groups and Projects
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2. Ke kahea (proper introduction or
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CHAPTER 2: TOPICS IN ECOSYSTEM APPR
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ensuring long-term sustainability b
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ecosystem in order to implement eff
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issues. One alternative would be to
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The community program of the Counci
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denser than the continental portion
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hydrogen sides and a negative charg
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Figure 5: Depth Profile of Ocean Zo
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southern boundary of the Subartic F
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Near the equator, intense solar hea
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The Caroline Islands (~850 square m
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(~436 square miles) and Savai`i (~6
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and include fish, mollusks, crustac
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Figure 10: Benthic EnvironmentSourc
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eefs are often too slow to keep up
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factors, control coral reef communi
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Kauai: Kauai is the oldest and wett
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A major portion of the primary prod
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parts of banks may be composed of r
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size of the reef area surveyed, bas
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The families of bottomfish and seam
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the mesopelagic community migration
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Physical and biological oceanograph
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Migratory routes of leatherback tur
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seem to have a more carnivorous die
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turtles outnumber adults 100:1. The
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Humpback whales migrate through wat
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The 2004 U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal
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Historically, the short-tailed alba
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Table 9: Hawaii’s “Export” In
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Cost of Living Analysis: Ratio of H
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annual fishery ex-vessel revenues o
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State catch reports reporting their
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1200(1000 lbs)100080060040020001986
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sources have been used to assess by
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Protected Species InteractionsThe 1
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• Killer whale (Orcinus orca)•
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levels for all fisheries, and a pro
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annually) to meet the FMP’s overf
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4.2.4 Bottomfish MSYA 2009 report b
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is not recorded by NMFS, dockside r
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percentage of the total catch if me
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4.3.3 Status of Crustaceans Fishery
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maneuverable tools to harvest indiv
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• Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides
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MSYs for the Makapuu Established Be
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3. A moratorium on gold coral harve
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2,000,000$2,500,0001,800,0001,600,0
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estrictions for sale or for capture
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Seine nets are actively deployed ar
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4.5.3 Status of Coral Reef Fisherie
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commercial harvests of the “red f
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commercial catches and to count the
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The National Standard Guidelines fo
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Source: Restrepo et al. 1998In Figu
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from having fallen below MSST. In t
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vessel that landed at least 6,000lb
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By June 30 of each year, a Council-
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In addition to the thresholds MFMT
Page 166 and 167: The best information available is u
Page 168 and 169: More recently, PIFSC published a st
Page 170 and 171: The fishery management area for the
Page 172 and 173: Hawaii. In addition, the holder of
Page 174 and 175: 5.4.6 Closed SeasonsLobster fishing
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Page 178 and 179: ecommendation of Restrepo et al. (1
Page 180 and 181: Figure 22: Combination of Control R
Page 182 and 183: cm) from the top surface of the liv
Page 184 and 185: Table 25: Estimates of MSY of Preci
Page 186 and 187: 5.6.2 NotificationAny special permi
Page 188 and 189: Clearly, any given species that is
Page 190 and 191: Weke CPUE120100Pounds per record806
Page 192 and 193: 1948-1952 aggregate 1995-1999 aggre
Page 194 and 195: CHAPTER 6: IDENTIFICATION AND DESCR
Page 196 and 197: eviewing and refining EFH designati
Page 198 and 199: The eggs and larvae of all BMUS are
Page 200 and 201: juvenile and adult spiny lobster is
Page 202 and 203: Instead, the Council designated the
Page 204 and 205: Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
Page 206 and 207: Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
Page 208 and 209: Table 30: Occurrence of Currently H
Page 210 and 211: Table 31: Summary of EFH Designatio
Page 212 and 213: Species Assemblage/Complex EFH (Egg
Page 214 and 215: MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
Page 218 and 219: The relatively long pelagic larval
Page 220 and 221: BottomfishandSeamountGroundfishSpec
Page 222 and 223: Table 35: Coral Reef Ecosystem HAPC
Page 224 and 225: necessary at this time. However, th
Page 226 and 227: Table 36: Threats to Coral Reefs in
Page 228 and 229: • Biological availability of toxi
Page 230 and 231: 9. The best land management practic
Page 232 and 233: maximum extent possible. Sampling d
Page 234 and 235: Coral Reef Ecosystem Species• The
Page 236 and 237: SubsistencerepresentativesEcosystem
Page 238 and 239: island society. Rapid changes in th
Page 240 and 241: The Council is serving as a role mo
Page 242 and 243: CHAPTER 8: CONSISTENCY WITH APPLICA
Page 244 and 245: Table 38: Bycatch Reporting Methodo
Page 246 and 247: The measures in this FEP are consis
Page 248 and 249: MUSEFH(Juveniles and Adults)EFH(Egg
Page 250 and 251: The management and conservation mea
Page 252 and 253: deterrence provisions set forth in
Page 254 and 255: conservation measures to proceed. I
Page 256 and 257: CHAPTER 9: STATE, LOCAL AND OTHER F
Page 258 and 259: when on June 15, 2006, President Ge
Page 260 and 261: CHAPTER 10: PROPOSED REGULATIONSIn
Page 262 and 263: Symp. on Sea Turtle Biology and Con
Page 264 and 265: Cliffton K., D. Cornejo, R., and Fe
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Druffel, E. R. M., Griffin, S., Wit
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Pacific. In K. Bjorndal, ed. Biolog
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Hodge, R. and B. Wing. 2000. Occurr
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Khang S.E. and R.Grigg. 2005. Impac
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turtle species known to date. FAO s
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NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Ser
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Resources of the South Pacific: Inf
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Reina, R .D., P. A. Mayor, J. R. Sp
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Smith, S.V. 1978. Coral-reef area a
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Wakeford, R. 2005. Personal Communi
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Wilson, R.R., and R.S. Kaufman. 198
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Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

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