Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

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1200(1000 lbs)100080060040020001986 1990 1995 2000 2003MHIMau ZoneHo'omalu ZoneFigure 13: MHI and NWHI Bottomfish Landings 1986–2003Source: WPRFMC 2005aFigure 14: Hawaii Bottomfish Revenue (Inflation Adjusted) by Area 1970–2003Source: WPRFMC 2005a92
Nearly all bottomfish caught in the NWHI fishery is sold through the Honolulu fish auction(United Fishing Agency, Ltd.). Bottomfish caught in the MHI fishery are sold in a wide varietyof market outlets (Haight et al. 1993b). Some are marketed through the fish auction andintermediary buyers on all islands. Sales of MHI bottomfish also occur through less formalmarket channels such as local restaurants, hotels, grocery stores, and to individual consumers.Unsold fish are consumed by fishermen and their families, given to friends and relatives as gifts,and bartered in exchange for various goods and services.Onaga and opakapaka make up the largest valued landings in each area for most years (ignoringthe highly fluctuating landings of uku). NWHI ex-vessel prices were $4.53 and $4.79 per pound,respectively, in 2003 while MHI were $5.89 and $5.01, respectively. However, the NWHIlandings are comprised of a higher percentage of these higher priced species compared with theMHI, so the difference in price for individual species by area is ironed out by the differentspecies compositions between the two areas (see Figure 15).According to U.S. Customs data for the Port of Honolulu, 801,000 pounds of snapper wereimported in 2003 worth $2.26 million ($2.82 per pound). This exceeded the domestic supply andthus was a significant factor in ex-vessel prices (WPRFMC 2004). Not only has the quantity offoreign-caught fresh fish increased during the past few years, but the number of countriesexporting fresh fish to Hawaii has also increased. A decade ago, for example, fresh snapper wasexported to Hawaii mainly from within the South Pacific region. In recent years, Tonga andAustralia were the largest sources of imported fresh snapper, with Fiji and New Zealand alsobeing major sources, and Viet Nam, Chad (freshwater), and Madagascar as minor sources.Figure 15: Average Prices for NWHI and MHI BMUS Landings 1970–2003Source: WPRFMC 20044.2.2 Review of BycatchEconomic DiscardsThe largest federally managed bottomfish fishery in Hawaii occurs in the NWHI. Two data93
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Fishery Ecosystem Plan for the Hawa
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successful management of marine eco
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TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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8.2.4 Fishery Data Requirements....
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Western Pa
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FRFA: Final Regulatory Flexibility
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DEFINITIONSAdaptive Management: A p
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Fishery: One or more stocks of fish
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Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA):
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 Introduc
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The EPAP (1999) reached consensus t
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EPAP’s 1999 report to Congress re
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Objective 7: To promote the safety
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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Family Name Scientific Name English
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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as two additional members (fisherme
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1.7.2 Community Groups and Projects
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2. Ke kahea (proper introduction or
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CHAPTER 2: TOPICS IN ECOSYSTEM APPR
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ensuring long-term sustainability b
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ecosystem in order to implement eff
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issues. One alternative would be to
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The community program of the Counci
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denser than the continental portion
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hydrogen sides and a negative charg
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Figure 5: Depth Profile of Ocean Zo
Page 62 and 63: southern boundary of the Subartic F
Page 64 and 65: Near the equator, intense solar hea
Page 66 and 67: The Caroline Islands (~850 square m
Page 68 and 69: (~436 square miles) and Savai`i (~6
Page 70 and 71: and include fish, mollusks, crustac
Page 72 and 73: Figure 10: Benthic EnvironmentSourc
Page 74 and 75: eefs are often too slow to keep up
Page 76 and 77: factors, control coral reef communi
Page 78 and 79: Kauai: Kauai is the oldest and wett
Page 80 and 81: A major portion of the primary prod
Page 82 and 83: parts of banks may be composed of r
Page 84 and 85: size of the reef area surveyed, bas
Page 86 and 87: The families of bottomfish and seam
Page 88 and 89: the mesopelagic community migration
Page 90 and 91: Physical and biological oceanograph
Page 92 and 93: Migratory routes of leatherback tur
Page 94 and 95: seem to have a more carnivorous die
Page 96 and 97: turtles outnumber adults 100:1. The
Page 98 and 99: Humpback whales migrate through wat
Page 100 and 101: The 2004 U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal
Page 102 and 103: Historically, the short-tailed alba
Page 104 and 105: Table 9: Hawaii’s “Export” In
Page 106 and 107: Cost of Living Analysis: Ratio of H
Page 108 and 109: annual fishery ex-vessel revenues o
Page 110 and 111: State catch reports reporting their
Page 114 and 115: sources have been used to assess by
Page 116 and 117: Protected Species InteractionsThe 1
Page 118 and 119: • Killer whale (Orcinus orca)•
Page 120 and 121: levels for all fisheries, and a pro
Page 122 and 123: annually) to meet the FMP’s overf
Page 124: 4.2.4 Bottomfish MSYA 2009 report b
Page 128 and 129: is not recorded by NMFS, dockside r
Page 130 and 131: percentage of the total catch if me
Page 132 and 133: 4.3.3 Status of Crustaceans Fishery
Page 134 and 135: maneuverable tools to harvest indiv
Page 136 and 137: • Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides
Page 138 and 139: MSYs for the Makapuu Established Be
Page 140 and 141: 3. A moratorium on gold coral harve
Page 142 and 143: 2,000,000$2,500,0001,800,0001,600,0
Page 144 and 145: estrictions for sale or for capture
Page 146 and 147: Seine nets are actively deployed ar
Page 148 and 149: 4.5.3 Status of Coral Reef Fisherie
Page 150 and 151: commercial harvests of the “red f
Page 152 and 153: commercial catches and to count the
Page 154 and 155: The National Standard Guidelines fo
Page 156 and 157: Source: Restrepo et al. 1998In Figu
Page 158 and 159: from having fallen below MSST. In t
Page 160 and 161: vessel that landed at least 6,000lb
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By June 30 of each year, a Council-
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In addition to the thresholds MFMT
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The best information available is u
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More recently, PIFSC published a st
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The fishery management area for the
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Hawaii. In addition, the holder of
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5.4.6 Closed SeasonsLobster fishing
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was related to the lobster fishery,
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ecommendation of Restrepo et al. (1
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Figure 22: Combination of Control R
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cm) from the top surface of the liv
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Table 25: Estimates of MSY of Preci
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5.6.2 NotificationAny special permi
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Clearly, any given species that is
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Weke CPUE120100Pounds per record806
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1948-1952 aggregate 1995-1999 aggre
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CHAPTER 6: IDENTIFICATION AND DESCR
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eviewing and refining EFH designati
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The eggs and larvae of all BMUS are
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juvenile and adult spiny lobster is
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Instead, the Council designated the
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Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
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Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
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Table 30: Occurrence of Currently H
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Table 31: Summary of EFH Designatio
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Species Assemblage/Complex EFH (Egg
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MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
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MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
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The relatively long pelagic larval
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BottomfishandSeamountGroundfishSpec
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Table 35: Coral Reef Ecosystem HAPC
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necessary at this time. However, th
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Table 36: Threats to Coral Reefs in
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• Biological availability of toxi
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9. The best land management practic
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maximum extent possible. Sampling d
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Coral Reef Ecosystem Species• The
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SubsistencerepresentativesEcosystem
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island society. Rapid changes in th
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The Council is serving as a role mo
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CHAPTER 8: CONSISTENCY WITH APPLICA
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Table 38: Bycatch Reporting Methodo
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The measures in this FEP are consis
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MUSEFH(Juveniles and Adults)EFH(Egg
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The management and conservation mea
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deterrence provisions set forth in
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conservation measures to proceed. I
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CHAPTER 9: STATE, LOCAL AND OTHER F
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when on June 15, 2006, President Ge
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CHAPTER 10: PROPOSED REGULATIONSIn
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Symp. on Sea Turtle Biology and Con
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Cliffton K., D. Cornejo, R., and Fe
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Druffel, E. R. M., Griffin, S., Wit
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Pacific. In K. Bjorndal, ed. Biolog
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Hodge, R. and B. Wing. 2000. Occurr
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Khang S.E. and R.Grigg. 2005. Impac
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turtle species known to date. FAO s
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NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Ser
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Resources of the South Pacific: Inf
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Reina, R .D., P. A. Mayor, J. R. Sp
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Smith, S.V. 1978. Coral-reef area a
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Wakeford, R. 2005. Personal Communi
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Wilson, R.R., and R.S. Kaufman. 198
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Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

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