Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

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Table 35: Coral Reef Ecosystem HAPC Designations in the Hawaii ArchipelagoRarityofHabitatEcologicalFunctionSusceptibilitytoHumanImpactLikelihoodof DevelopmentalImpactsExistingProtectiveStatusNWHIAll substrate 0–10 fm x x x xLaysan: All substrate 0–50fmxxMidway: All substrate 0–50fmx x x xFFS: All substrate 0–50 fm x x x xMain Hawaiian IslandsKaula Rock (entire bank) x x xNiihau (Lehua Island) x x xKauai (Kaliu Point) x xOahuPupukea (MLCD) x x x xShark’s Cove (MLCD) x x xWaikiki (MLCD) x x xMakapuu Head/TidePool Reef Areax x xKaneohe Bay x x x xKaena Point x xKahe Reef x xMauiMolokini x x x x xOlowalo Reef Area x x xHonolua-Mokuleia Bay(MLCD)Ahihiki Kinau NaturalArea Reservex x xx x x xMolokai (south shorereefs)xx202
LanaiRarityofHabitatEcologicalFunctionSusceptibilitytoHumanImpactHalope Bay x xLikelihoodof DevelopmentalImpactsManele Bay x x xFive Needles x xHawaiiLapakahi Bay StatePark (MLCD)Pauko Bay and Reef(MLCD)ExistingProtectiveStatusx x xx x xKealakekua x x xWaialea Bay (MLCD) x x x xKawaihae Harbor-OldKona Airport (MLCD)Additional AreasAll Long-termResearch SitesAll CRAMP sites x xx x xxx6.4 Fishing Related Impacts That May Adversely Affect EFHThe Council is required to act to prevent, mitigate, or minimize adverse effects from fishing onevidence that a fishing practice has identifiable adverse effects on EFH for any MUS covered byan FMP or FEP. Adverse fishing impacts may include physical, chemical, or biologicalalterations of the substrate and loss of, or injury to, benthic organisms, prey species, and theirhabitat or other components of the ecosystem.The predominant fishing gear types—hook and line, longline, troll, traps—used in the fisheriesmanaged by the Council cause few fishing-related impacts to the benthic habitat utilized by coralreef species, bottomfish, crustaceans, or precious corals. The current management regimeprohibits the use of bottom trawls, bottom-set nets, explosives, and poisons. The use of nonselectivegear to harvest precious corals is prohibited and only selective and non-destructive gearmay be allowed to fish for Coral Reef Ecosystem MUS. The Council has determined that currentmanagement measures to protect fishery habitat are adequate and that no additional measures are203
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Fishery Ecosystem Plan for the Hawa
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successful management of marine eco
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TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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8.2.4 Fishery Data Requirements....
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Western Pa
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FRFA: Final Regulatory Flexibility
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DEFINITIONSAdaptive Management: A p
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Fishery: One or more stocks of fish
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Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA):
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 Introduc
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The EPAP (1999) reached consensus t
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EPAP’s 1999 report to Congress re
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Objective 7: To promote the safety
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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Family Name Scientific Name English
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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as two additional members (fisherme
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1.7.2 Community Groups and Projects
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2. Ke kahea (proper introduction or
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CHAPTER 2: TOPICS IN ECOSYSTEM APPR
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ensuring long-term sustainability b
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ecosystem in order to implement eff
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issues. One alternative would be to
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The community program of the Counci
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denser than the continental portion
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hydrogen sides and a negative charg
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Figure 5: Depth Profile of Ocean Zo
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southern boundary of the Subartic F
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Near the equator, intense solar hea
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The Caroline Islands (~850 square m
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(~436 square miles) and Savai`i (~6
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and include fish, mollusks, crustac
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Figure 10: Benthic EnvironmentSourc
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eefs are often too slow to keep up
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factors, control coral reef communi
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Kauai: Kauai is the oldest and wett
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A major portion of the primary prod
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parts of banks may be composed of r
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size of the reef area surveyed, bas
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The families of bottomfish and seam
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the mesopelagic community migration
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Physical and biological oceanograph
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Migratory routes of leatherback tur
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seem to have a more carnivorous die
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turtles outnumber adults 100:1. The
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Humpback whales migrate through wat
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The 2004 U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal
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Historically, the short-tailed alba
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Table 9: Hawaii’s “Export” In
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Cost of Living Analysis: Ratio of H
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annual fishery ex-vessel revenues o
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State catch reports reporting their
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1200(1000 lbs)100080060040020001986
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sources have been used to assess by
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Protected Species InteractionsThe 1
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• Killer whale (Orcinus orca)•
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levels for all fisheries, and a pro
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annually) to meet the FMP’s overf
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4.2.4 Bottomfish MSYA 2009 report b
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is not recorded by NMFS, dockside r
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percentage of the total catch if me
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4.3.3 Status of Crustaceans Fishery
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maneuverable tools to harvest indiv
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• Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides
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MSYs for the Makapuu Established Be
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3. A moratorium on gold coral harve
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2,000,000$2,500,0001,800,0001,600,0
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estrictions for sale or for capture
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Seine nets are actively deployed ar
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4.5.3 Status of Coral Reef Fisherie
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commercial harvests of the “red f
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commercial catches and to count the
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The National Standard Guidelines fo
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Source: Restrepo et al. 1998In Figu
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from having fallen below MSST. In t
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vessel that landed at least 6,000lb
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By June 30 of each year, a Council-
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In addition to the thresholds MFMT
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The best information available is u
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More recently, PIFSC published a st
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The fishery management area for the
Page 172 and 173: Hawaii. In addition, the holder of
Page 174 and 175: 5.4.6 Closed SeasonsLobster fishing
Page 176 and 177: was related to the lobster fishery,
Page 178 and 179: ecommendation of Restrepo et al. (1
Page 180 and 181: Figure 22: Combination of Control R
Page 182 and 183: cm) from the top surface of the liv
Page 184 and 185: Table 25: Estimates of MSY of Preci
Page 186 and 187: 5.6.2 NotificationAny special permi
Page 188 and 189: Clearly, any given species that is
Page 190 and 191: Weke CPUE120100Pounds per record806
Page 192 and 193: 1948-1952 aggregate 1995-1999 aggre
Page 194 and 195: CHAPTER 6: IDENTIFICATION AND DESCR
Page 196 and 197: eviewing and refining EFH designati
Page 198 and 199: The eggs and larvae of all BMUS are
Page 200 and 201: juvenile and adult spiny lobster is
Page 202 and 203: Instead, the Council designated the
Page 204 and 205: Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
Page 206 and 207: Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
Page 208 and 209: Table 30: Occurrence of Currently H
Page 210 and 211: Table 31: Summary of EFH Designatio
Page 212 and 213: Species Assemblage/Complex EFH (Egg
Page 214 and 215: MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
Page 216 and 217: MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
Page 218 and 219: The relatively long pelagic larval
Page 220 and 221: BottomfishandSeamountGroundfishSpec
Page 224 and 225: necessary at this time. However, th
Page 226 and 227: Table 36: Threats to Coral Reefs in
Page 228 and 229: • Biological availability of toxi
Page 230 and 231: 9. The best land management practic
Page 232 and 233: maximum extent possible. Sampling d
Page 234 and 235: Coral Reef Ecosystem Species• The
Page 236 and 237: SubsistencerepresentativesEcosystem
Page 238 and 239: island society. Rapid changes in th
Page 240 and 241: The Council is serving as a role mo
Page 242 and 243: CHAPTER 8: CONSISTENCY WITH APPLICA
Page 244 and 245: Table 38: Bycatch Reporting Methodo
Page 246 and 247: The measures in this FEP are consis
Page 248 and 249: MUSEFH(Juveniles and Adults)EFH(Egg
Page 250 and 251: The management and conservation mea
Page 252 and 253: deterrence provisions set forth in
Page 254 and 255: conservation measures to proceed. I
Page 256 and 257: CHAPTER 9: STATE, LOCAL AND OTHER F
Page 258 and 259: when on June 15, 2006, President Ge
Page 260 and 261: CHAPTER 10: PROPOSED REGULATIONSIn
Page 262 and 263: Symp. on Sea Turtle Biology and Con
Page 264 and 265: Cliffton K., D. Cornejo, R., and Fe
Page 266 and 267: Druffel, E. R. M., Griffin, S., Wit
Page 268 and 269: Pacific. In K. Bjorndal, ed. Biolog
Page 270 and 271: Hodge, R. and B. Wing. 2000. Occurr
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Khang S.E. and R.Grigg. 2005. Impac
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turtle species known to date. FAO s
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NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Ser
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Resources of the South Pacific: Inf
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Reina, R .D., P. A. Mayor, J. R. Sp
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Smith, S.V. 1978. Coral-reef area a
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Wakeford, R. 2005. Personal Communi
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Wilson, R.R., and R.S. Kaufman. 198
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Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

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