Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

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Reina, R .D., P. A. Mayor, J. R. Spotila, R. Piedra, and F. V. Paladino. 2002. Nesting ecology ofthe leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, at Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas, CostaRica: 1988–1989 to 1999–2000. Copeia 3:653–664.Restrepo, V. R., G. G. Thompson, P. M. Mace, W. L.Gabriel, L. L. Low, A. D. MacCall, R. D.Methot, J.E. Powers, B. L. Taylor, P. R. Wade, and J. F. Witzig 1998. Technical guidanceon the use of Precautionary Approaches to implementing National Standard 1 of theMagnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. U.S. Department ofCommerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Technical MemorandumNMFS-F/SPO-31, 54 p.Rice D. 1960. Distribution of bottle-nosed dolphin in the leeward Hawaiian Islands. J.Mamm. 41. 407-408.Rice D. 1989. Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus. Academic Press. 442p.Roark, B. E., T. P. Guilderson, R. B. Dunbar and B. L. Ingram. 2006. “Radiocarbon-based agesand growth rates of Hawaiian deep-sea corals.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 327:1-14.Robertson D. 1980. Rare birds of the West Coast of North America. Woodcock Publications:Pacific Grove, CA. (pp: 6-9)Rogers, A. D. 1994. The biology of seamounts. Advances in Marine Biology. 30:305–350.Rohmann, S.O., J.J. Hayes, R.C. Newhall, M.E. Monaco, and R.W. Grigg. 2005. The area ofpotential shallow-water tropical and subtropical coral ecosystems in the United States.Coral Reefs, 24:370-383.Russ, G. R., and A. C. Alcala. 1994. Marine reserves: They enhance fisheries,reduce conflicts and protect resources. Naga: The ICLARM Quarterly. 17(3):4–7.Samples, K. and J. Sproul. 1988. An economic appraisal of effort management alternatives forthe Northwestern Hawaiian Islands commercial lobster fishery. NMFS SWFSC HonoluluLaboratory Administrative Report H-88-12C.Samples K. and P. Gates. 1987. Market situation and outlook for Northwestern Hawaiian Islandsspiny and slipper lobsters. NMFS SWFSC Honolulu Laboratory Administrative ReportH-87-4C.Sarti L., S. Eckert, N. Garcia, and A. Barragan. 1996. Decline of the world’s largest nestingassemblage of leatherback turtles. Marine Turtle Newsletter. 74:2–5.Saucerman, S. 1995. Assessing the management needs of a coral reef fishery in decline. In P.Dalzell and T. J. H. Adams (Eds.),South Pacific Commission and Forum FisheriesAgency Workshop on the Management of South Pacific Inshore Fisheries (pp. 441–445).260
Manuscript Collection of Country Statements and Background Papers, South PacificCommission, Noumea.Schrope, M. 2002. Troubled waters. Nature. 418:718–720.Schultz, J., D. Curran, J. O’Malley, P. Dalzell and A. Griesemer. 2006. Pelagic FishingTournaments and Clubs in Hawaii. SOEST 06-02. Joint Institute for Marine andAtmospheric Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa. Hololulu, HI.Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). http://www.spc.org.nc/demog/pop_data2000.htmlSeminoff, J., W. Nichole, and A. Hidalgo. 2000. Chelonia mydas agassizii diet. HerpetologicalReview. 31:103.Shallenberger, R. 2000. Statement of Rob Shallenberger, Midway Wildlife RefugeManager, USFWS Pacific Island Eco-Region, to the Western Pacific Regional FisheryManagement Council at the 105th Council Meeting at Midway Atoll.Sharma, K., A. Peterson, S. Pooley, S. Nakamoto and P. Leung. 1999. Economiccontributions of Hawaii’s fisheries. SOEST 99-08/JIMAR Contribution 99-327, PelagicFisheries Research Program, Joint Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research,University of Hawaii, Honolulu.Sherburne J. 1993. Status Report on the Short-tailed Albatross Diomedea albatrus.Unpublished Report for USFWS, Alaska Natural Heritage Program. 33p.Sherman, K. and M. Alexander. 1986. Variability and Management of Large MarineEcosystems. Boulder: Westerview Press.Shomura, R. 1987. “Hawaii’s marine fishery: yesterday and today.” NMFS SouthwestFisheries Center Honolulu Laboratory Administrative Report H-87-21.Sissenwine, M. and S. Murawski. 2004. Moving beyond ‘intelligent tinkering’:Advancing an ecosystem approach to fisheries. Perspectives on ecosystem-basedapproaches to the management of marine resources. Marine Ecology Progress Series.274:269–303.Smith, M.K. 1993. An ecological perspective on inshore fisheries in the Main Hawaiian Islands.Marine Fisheries Review 55(2):34-49.Smith, R.P. 2000a. Memorandum from Robert Smith, Manager, USFWS Pacific IslandEco-Region, to Penelope Dalton, Assistant Administrator, NMFS.Smith, R.P. 2000b. Statement of Robert Smith, Manager, USFWS Pacific Island Eco-Region, tothe Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council at the 104th Council Meetingat Makena, Hawaii.261
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Fishery Ecosystem Plan for the Hawa
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successful management of marine eco
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TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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8.2.4 Fishery Data Requirements....
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Western Pa
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FRFA: Final Regulatory Flexibility
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DEFINITIONSAdaptive Management: A p
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Fishery: One or more stocks of fish
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Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA):
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 Introduc
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The EPAP (1999) reached consensus t
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EPAP’s 1999 report to Congress re
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Objective 7: To promote the safety
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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Family Name Scientific Name English
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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as two additional members (fisherme
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1.7.2 Community Groups and Projects
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2. Ke kahea (proper introduction or
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CHAPTER 2: TOPICS IN ECOSYSTEM APPR
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ensuring long-term sustainability b
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ecosystem in order to implement eff
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issues. One alternative would be to
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The community program of the Counci
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denser than the continental portion
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hydrogen sides and a negative charg
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Figure 5: Depth Profile of Ocean Zo
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southern boundary of the Subartic F
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Near the equator, intense solar hea
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The Caroline Islands (~850 square m
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(~436 square miles) and Savai`i (~6
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and include fish, mollusks, crustac
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Figure 10: Benthic EnvironmentSourc
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eefs are often too slow to keep up
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factors, control coral reef communi
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Kauai: Kauai is the oldest and wett
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A major portion of the primary prod
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parts of banks may be composed of r
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size of the reef area surveyed, bas
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The families of bottomfish and seam
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the mesopelagic community migration
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Physical and biological oceanograph
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Migratory routes of leatherback tur
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seem to have a more carnivorous die
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turtles outnumber adults 100:1. The
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Humpback whales migrate through wat
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The 2004 U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal
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Historically, the short-tailed alba
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Table 9: Hawaii’s “Export” In
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Cost of Living Analysis: Ratio of H
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annual fishery ex-vessel revenues o
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State catch reports reporting their
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1200(1000 lbs)100080060040020001986
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sources have been used to assess by
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Protected Species InteractionsThe 1
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• Killer whale (Orcinus orca)•
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levels for all fisheries, and a pro
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annually) to meet the FMP’s overf
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4.2.4 Bottomfish MSYA 2009 report b
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is not recorded by NMFS, dockside r
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percentage of the total catch if me
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4.3.3 Status of Crustaceans Fishery
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maneuverable tools to harvest indiv
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• Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides
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MSYs for the Makapuu Established Be
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3. A moratorium on gold coral harve
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2,000,000$2,500,0001,800,0001,600,0
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estrictions for sale or for capture
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Seine nets are actively deployed ar
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4.5.3 Status of Coral Reef Fisherie
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commercial harvests of the “red f
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commercial catches and to count the
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The National Standard Guidelines fo
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Source: Restrepo et al. 1998In Figu
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from having fallen below MSST. In t
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vessel that landed at least 6,000lb
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By June 30 of each year, a Council-
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In addition to the thresholds MFMT
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The best information available is u
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More recently, PIFSC published a st
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The fishery management area for the
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Hawaii. In addition, the holder of
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5.4.6 Closed SeasonsLobster fishing
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was related to the lobster fishery,
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ecommendation of Restrepo et al. (1
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Figure 22: Combination of Control R
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cm) from the top surface of the liv
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Table 25: Estimates of MSY of Preci
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5.6.2 NotificationAny special permi
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Clearly, any given species that is
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Weke CPUE120100Pounds per record806
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1948-1952 aggregate 1995-1999 aggre
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CHAPTER 6: IDENTIFICATION AND DESCR
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eviewing and refining EFH designati
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The eggs and larvae of all BMUS are
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juvenile and adult spiny lobster is
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Instead, the Council designated the
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Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
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Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
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Table 30: Occurrence of Currently H
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Table 31: Summary of EFH Designatio
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Species Assemblage/Complex EFH (Egg
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MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
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MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
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The relatively long pelagic larval
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BottomfishandSeamountGroundfishSpec
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Table 35: Coral Reef Ecosystem HAPC
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necessary at this time. However, th
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Table 36: Threats to Coral Reefs in
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• Biological availability of toxi
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Page 232 and 233: maximum extent possible. Sampling d
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Page 238 and 239: island society. Rapid changes in th
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Page 242 and 243: CHAPTER 8: CONSISTENCY WITH APPLICA
Page 244 and 245: Table 38: Bycatch Reporting Methodo
Page 246 and 247: The measures in this FEP are consis
Page 248 and 249: MUSEFH(Juveniles and Adults)EFH(Egg
Page 250 and 251: The management and conservation mea
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Page 256 and 257: CHAPTER 9: STATE, LOCAL AND OTHER F
Page 258 and 259: when on June 15, 2006, President Ge
Page 260 and 261: CHAPTER 10: PROPOSED REGULATIONSIn
Page 262 and 263: Symp. on Sea Turtle Biology and Con
Page 264 and 265: Cliffton K., D. Cornejo, R., and Fe
Page 266 and 267: Druffel, E. R. M., Griffin, S., Wit
Page 268 and 269: Pacific. In K. Bjorndal, ed. Biolog
Page 270 and 271: Hodge, R. and B. Wing. 2000. Occurr
Page 272 and 273: Khang S.E. and R.Grigg. 2005. Impac
Page 274 and 275: turtle species known to date. FAO s
Page 276 and 277: NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Ser
Page 278 and 279: Resources of the South Pacific: Inf
Page 282 and 283: Smith, S.V. 1978. Coral-reef area a
Page 284 and 285: Wakeford, R. 2005. Personal Communi
Page 286: Wilson, R.R., and R.S. Kaufman. 198
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