Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

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Hodge, R. and B. Wing. 2000. Occurrence of marine turtles in Alaska Waters: 1960-1998.Herpetological Review. 31:148-151.Holthus, P.F., and J.E. Maragos. 1995. Marine ecosystem classification for the tropicalisland Pacific. In: J.E. Maragos, M. N. Peterson, L. G. Eldredge, J. E. Bardach, and H.E.Takeuchi (Eds.), Marine and coastal biodiversity in the tropical island Pacific region(pp. 239–278). Honolulu, HI: Program on Environment, East–West Center.Hopley, D. and D.W. Kinsey. 1988. The effects of a rapid short-term sea level rise on the GreatBarrier Reef. In G. I. Pearman (Ed.), Greenhouse: planning for a climate change (pp.189–201). New York: E. J. Brill.Horwood, J. 1987. The Sei Whale: Population Biology, Ecology and Management. Croom Helm.London.Hunter, C. 1995. Review of coral reefs around American Flag Pacific Islands and assessment ofneed, value, and feasibility of establishing a coral reef fishery management plan for theWestern Pacific Region (Final report prepared for Western Pacific Regional FisheryManagement Council). Honolulu, Hawaii: Western Pacific Regional FisheryManagement Council.Huston, M. A. 1985. Patterns of species diversity on coral reefs. Annual Review of EcologicalSystems. 6:149–177.ICES. 2000. Ecosystem effects of fishing: Proceedings of an ICES/SCOR Symposium.ICES Journal of Marine Science. 57(3):465–791.ICES. 2005. ICES Journal of Marine Science. 62(4):307–614.Inouye. 2004. Congress passes bill with nearly half-billion dollars for defense relatedinitiatives in Hawaii. http://inouye.senate.gov/ (accessed July 30, 2004).Itano, David G., 2000. The reproductive biology of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) inHawaiian waters and the western tropical Pacific Ocean: Project summary. SOESTPublication 00-01, JIMAR Contribution 00-328, 69 pp.Iversen, R., T. Dye, and L. Paul. 1990. Native Hawaiian fishing rights: Phase 2 Main HawaiianIslands and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Western Pacific Regional FisheryManagement Council.Honolulu, Hawaii.Jennings, S. 2004. The ecosystem approach to fishery management: A significant steptowards sustainable use of the marine environment? Perspectives on ecosystem-basedapproaches to the management of marine resources. Marine Ecology Progress Series.274:269–303.250
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Fishery Ecosystem Plan for the Hawa
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successful management of marine eco
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TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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8.2.4 Fishery Data Requirements....
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Western Pa
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FRFA: Final Regulatory Flexibility
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DEFINITIONSAdaptive Management: A p
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Fishery: One or more stocks of fish
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Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA):
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 Introduc
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The EPAP (1999) reached consensus t
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EPAP’s 1999 report to Congress re
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Objective 7: To promote the safety
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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Family Name Scientific Name English
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Scientific Name English Common Name
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as two additional members (fisherme
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1.7.2 Community Groups and Projects
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2. Ke kahea (proper introduction or
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CHAPTER 2: TOPICS IN ECOSYSTEM APPR
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ensuring long-term sustainability b
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ecosystem in order to implement eff
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issues. One alternative would be to
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The community program of the Counci
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denser than the continental portion
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hydrogen sides and a negative charg
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Figure 5: Depth Profile of Ocean Zo
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southern boundary of the Subartic F
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Near the equator, intense solar hea
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The Caroline Islands (~850 square m
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(~436 square miles) and Savai`i (~6
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and include fish, mollusks, crustac
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Figure 10: Benthic EnvironmentSourc
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eefs are often too slow to keep up
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factors, control coral reef communi
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Kauai: Kauai is the oldest and wett
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A major portion of the primary prod
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parts of banks may be composed of r
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size of the reef area surveyed, bas
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The families of bottomfish and seam
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the mesopelagic community migration
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Physical and biological oceanograph
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Migratory routes of leatherback tur
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seem to have a more carnivorous die
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turtles outnumber adults 100:1. The
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Humpback whales migrate through wat
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The 2004 U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal
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Historically, the short-tailed alba
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Table 9: Hawaii’s “Export” In
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Cost of Living Analysis: Ratio of H
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annual fishery ex-vessel revenues o
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State catch reports reporting their
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1200(1000 lbs)100080060040020001986
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sources have been used to assess by
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Protected Species InteractionsThe 1
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• Killer whale (Orcinus orca)•
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levels for all fisheries, and a pro
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annually) to meet the FMP’s overf
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4.2.4 Bottomfish MSYA 2009 report b
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is not recorded by NMFS, dockside r
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percentage of the total catch if me
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4.3.3 Status of Crustaceans Fishery
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maneuverable tools to harvest indiv
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• Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides
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MSYs for the Makapuu Established Be
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3. A moratorium on gold coral harve
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2,000,000$2,500,0001,800,0001,600,0
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estrictions for sale or for capture
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Seine nets are actively deployed ar
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4.5.3 Status of Coral Reef Fisherie
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commercial harvests of the “red f
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commercial catches and to count the
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The National Standard Guidelines fo
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Source: Restrepo et al. 1998In Figu
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from having fallen below MSST. In t
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vessel that landed at least 6,000lb
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By June 30 of each year, a Council-
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In addition to the thresholds MFMT
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The best information available is u
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More recently, PIFSC published a st
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The fishery management area for the
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Hawaii. In addition, the holder of
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5.4.6 Closed SeasonsLobster fishing
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was related to the lobster fishery,
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ecommendation of Restrepo et al. (1
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Figure 22: Combination of Control R
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cm) from the top surface of the liv
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Table 25: Estimates of MSY of Preci
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5.6.2 NotificationAny special permi
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Clearly, any given species that is
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Weke CPUE120100Pounds per record806
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1948-1952 aggregate 1995-1999 aggre
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CHAPTER 6: IDENTIFICATION AND DESCR
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eviewing and refining EFH designati
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The eggs and larvae of all BMUS are
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juvenile and adult spiny lobster is
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Instead, the Council designated the
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Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
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Species Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz
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Table 30: Occurrence of Currently H
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Table 31: Summary of EFH Designatio
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Species Assemblage/Complex EFH (Egg
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MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
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MUS/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr DS
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The relatively long pelagic larval
Page 220 and 221: BottomfishandSeamountGroundfishSpec
Page 222 and 223: Table 35: Coral Reef Ecosystem HAPC
Page 224 and 225: necessary at this time. However, th
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Page 228 and 229: • Biological availability of toxi
Page 230 and 231: 9. The best land management practic
Page 232 and 233: maximum extent possible. Sampling d
Page 234 and 235: Coral Reef Ecosystem Species• The
Page 236 and 237: SubsistencerepresentativesEcosystem
Page 238 and 239: island society. Rapid changes in th
Page 240 and 241: The Council is serving as a role mo
Page 242 and 243: CHAPTER 8: CONSISTENCY WITH APPLICA
Page 244 and 245: Table 38: Bycatch Reporting Methodo
Page 246 and 247: The measures in this FEP are consis
Page 248 and 249: MUSEFH(Juveniles and Adults)EFH(Egg
Page 250 and 251: The management and conservation mea
Page 252 and 253: deterrence provisions set forth in
Page 254 and 255: conservation measures to proceed. I
Page 256 and 257: CHAPTER 9: STATE, LOCAL AND OTHER F
Page 258 and 259: when on June 15, 2006, President Ge
Page 260 and 261: CHAPTER 10: PROPOSED REGULATIONSIn
Page 262 and 263: Symp. on Sea Turtle Biology and Con
Page 264 and 265: Cliffton K., D. Cornejo, R., and Fe
Page 266 and 267: Druffel, E. R. M., Griffin, S., Wit
Page 268 and 269: Pacific. In K. Bjorndal, ed. Biolog
Page 272 and 273: Khang S.E. and R.Grigg. 2005. Impac
Page 274 and 275: turtle species known to date. FAO s
Page 276 and 277: NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Ser
Page 278 and 279: Resources of the South Pacific: Inf
Page 280 and 281: Reina, R .D., P. A. Mayor, J. R. Sp
Page 282 and 283: Smith, S.V. 1978. Coral-reef area a
Page 284 and 285: Wakeford, R. 2005. Personal Communi
Page 286: Wilson, R.R., and R.S. Kaufman. 198
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