Hawaii FEP - Western Pacific Fishery Council

TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. iLIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................... ixLIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ xACRONYMS................................................................................................................................. xiDEFINITIONS............................................................................................................................. xivCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 21.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 21.2 Purpose and Need for Action.......................................................................................... 31.3 Incremental Approach to Ecosystem-based Management.............................................. 51.4 Hawaii Archipelago FEP Boundaries ............................................................................. 51.4.1 Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument................................................. 61.5 Hawaii Archipelago FEP Management Objectives ........................................................ 71.6 Hawaii Archipelago FEP Management Unit Species ..................................................... 81.7 Regional Coordination.................................................................................................. 191.7.1 Council Panels and Committees ........................................................................... 191.7.2 Community Groups and Projects.......................................................................... 221.7.3 International Management .................................................................................... 24CHAPTER 2: TOPICS IN ECOSYSTEM APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT .................... 262.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 262.2 Ecosystem Boundaries.................................................................................................. 262.3 Precautionary Approach, Burden of Proof, and Adaptive Management ...................... 272.4 Ecological Effects of Fishing and Non-fishing Activities ............................................ 272.5 Data and Information Needs ......................................................................................... 282.6 Use of Indicators and Models ....................................................................................... 292.7 Single-species Management Versus Multi-species Management................................. 302.8 Ocean Zoning................................................................................................................ 312.9 Intra-agency and Inter-agency Cooperation.................................................................. 312.10 Community-based Management ................................................................................... 322.10.1 Community Participation...................................................................................... 332.10.2 Community Development..................................................................................... 34CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT........................................................ 353.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 353.2 Physical Environment ................................................................................................... 353.2.1 The Pacific Ocean................................................................................................. 353.2.2 Geology and Topography ..................................................................................... 353.2.3 Ocean Water Characteristics................................................................................. 373.2.4 Ocean Layers ........................................................................................................ 383.2.5 Ocean Zones.......................................................................................................... 393.2.6 Ocean Water Circulation....................................................................................... 403.2.7 Surface Currents.................................................................................................... 403.2.8 Transition Zones ................................................................................................... 413.2.9 Eddies.................................................................................................................... 423.2.10 Deep-ocean Currents............................................................................................. 433.2.11 Prominent Pacific Ocean Meteorological Features............................................... 43iv