National Norms and Standards relating to Environmental Health

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APPENDIX 1A FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGNING WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAMMEEffective monitoring requires careful design and planning. Monitoring calls for determining therequired information that is useful at a minimum cost. This can be achieved with a monitoringprogramme that focuses on obtaining only the necessary information/data in a cost-effectivemanner.EHPs should monitor all water that has the potential to impact human health following use andtherefore should develop Water Quality Monitoring programmes that will include monitoring ofaspects of untreated water/unimproved water sources, routine monitoring of all surface water andmonitoring of water under emergency situations.The following should be born in mind in designing a water quality monitoring programme:1. Identifying key stakeholders Various role players should be identified in order to initialize andsustain the monitoring programme.i.e. Monitoring coordinator : a person to be responsible tocoordinate all activities required to start the programme andensure its continuity.External stakeholders: DWA for e.g. may be interested in theresult and can assist with in providing background on otherwater quality monitoring programmes, surface water qualitychallenges etc. Engineers, town planners can assist with theirknowledge of the treatment plant and or the distribution systemand be able to advice on the appropriate parts of the system tosample.Laboratories: accredited laboratories which can perform theanalysts needed and that are equipped to analyse the number ofsamples delivered.Samplers: EHPs that will be responsible for sampling, thepreservation of the samples and the delivery to the relevant labsshould be identified.Data interpreter and reporter: an EHP should be identified, toanalyse the data and converting it into information and for thepreparation and distribution of the relevant reports.PRE –MONITORING PLANNING2. Defining clear monitoring objectives It is important to clearly define the monitoring objectives of eachmonitoring exercise before embarking on monitoring. What doyou want to achieve by conducting monitoring?3. Defining the scope monitoring The scope of the monitoring programme must be defined interms of the objectives.4. Choosing monitoring sites Before conducting monitoring, background information on thesituation and environmental conditions of the monitoring sitesmust be known, indicators and tools used for monitoring shouldbe collected.5. Choosing the monitoring frequency It is important to understand where, when and at what frequencyto sample and to also define what constituents (determinands) totest e.g. turbidity, residual chlorine, PH, Ecoli etc as per SANS241, to comply with best practice and to achieve the objectivesof the monitoring programme.CONDUCTING MONITORING6. Conducting monitoring Monitoring should be conducted with objectives of the monitoringprogramme in mind, the determindands (microbiological,chemical or physical) to be measured and the frequency forsampling.It is also vital to design quality assurance and control protocolsDOH. Norms and standards for environmental health in South Africa Feb 2013 142
for conducting monitoring.7. Analyzing monitoring results The data gathered (sampling results) should be compared withwater quality standards (SANS 241) for drinking water quality.8. Evaluating/ interpreting themonitoring dataEvaluation or interpretation of the monitoring data is the mostcritical step in the monitoring process as it assists an EHP intaking decisions on what EH corrective actions or interventionsto institute.9. Reporting/presenting the results This includes presenting a reporting with regards to trendsanalysis. Graphics can be utilized to present this for reportingpurposes.POST MONITORING10. Decision making and institutingcorrective actionThis involves decision making by an EHP and deciding onenvironmental health interventions necessary in case of noncomplianceand well as monitoring of water quality aftercorrective action are taken by the WSA or WSP.DOH. Norms and standards for environmental health in South Africa Feb 2013 143
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No. 36849 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 20 SE
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AcknowledgementsDrafting Team (Nati
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Preamble by Director-GeneralThe Nat
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POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKThe
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1. Introduction1.1 Policy contextOn
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5. Monitoring and enforcing complia
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BACKGROUNDHealth surveillance of pr
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h) Adequate and potable water avail
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a) Entrance and exit control must b
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• Storage of unsafe, toxic, dange
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(i) For children between 0-24 month
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• The health certificate holder,
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a) Separate storage facilities must
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2.4 Inspections should include an a
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g) Adequate facilities must be prov
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d) Corridors must be at least 1.8m
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1. NORMS1.1 Schools to be operated
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• A cardiopulmonary mouthpiece pr
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a) All circumcisions must be conduc
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) Toilets, wash hand basins and bat
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• Liquid soap;• First aid instr
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h) A daily record must be kept on t
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t) A separate room or area with sep
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h) An adequate number of purpose-ma
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c) Health care facilities should ha
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a) All facilities used in connectio
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5. General hygiene requirementsa) T
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1.1 The premises operated under a v
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5. Environmental health should cond
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d) The use of non-waterborne sanita
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so many kgs of manure is produced p
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a) On any residential premises, onl
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n) A rodent-proof storeroom must be
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d) Pets must be vaccinated against
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1.3 The premises in compliance with
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2.1 Environmental health inspection
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2.1 Environmental health inspection
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1) Responsibility of management1.1.
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that all possible health impacts of
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BACKGROUNDThe Scope of Profession o
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a) An Integrated Disease Surveillan
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a) All food onboard must be stored
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3. Waste managementa) The managemen
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c) Documents outlining prevention,
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Chapter 3HEALTH RELATED WATER QUALI
Page 91 and 92: d) The catchment (rivers, treatment
Page 93 and 94: f) Ensuring monitoring of effective
Page 95 and 96: SECTION 4:WATER QUALITY MONITORING
Page 97 and 98: water world etc)1. In the event of
Page 99 and 100: Step 2: if water is obtained from t
Page 101 and 102: • Of the time frame, if any, with
Page 103 and 104: 3. Household grey-water (generated
Page 105 and 106: SECTION 14:MONITORING OF DRINKING W
Page 107 and 108: contamination (e.g. from birds and
Page 109 and 110: SECTION 21: COMPLIANCE ENFORCEMENT6
Page 111 and 112: DEFINITION OF APPLICABLE TERMSThe f
Page 113 and 114: BACKGROUNDWaste management is the c
Page 115 and 116: • Provides municipal health servi
Page 117 and 118: a) The premises used for recycling
Page 119 and 120: SECTION 4: COLLECTION OF GENERAL WA
Page 121 and 122: SECTION 7: CLASSIFICATION, PACKAGIN
Page 123 and 124: • The spillage area shall be mark
Page 125 and 126: • Elbow length heavy duty gloves,
Page 127 and 128: anatomical waste anatomical • Hav
Page 129 and 130: • Waste oxidizing substances and
Page 131 and 132: Sharps container 90 days Cool room
Page 133 and 134: Relationships between transboundary
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 5HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND C
Page 137 and 138: 3. The premises used in connection
Page 139 and 140: d) In addition, all hazardous subst
Page 141: 4. Guidelines for Drinking Water Qu
Page 145 and 146: Bacterial infectionsCholeraCampylob
Page 147: paralytic aspeticmeningitis. The re
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National Norms and Standards relating to Environmental Health

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