National Norms and Standards relating to Environmental Health

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g) The surface area must be constructed of a smooth and durable material to promote the safety of thechildren in the facility.8. Medical facilitiesa) Medical facilities onboard ship must conform to the specifications as per WHO Guide to ShipSanitation and the Handbook for Inspection of Ships and Issuance of Ship Sanitation Certificates;b) Provision of medical care must be in compliance with international standards and requirements (ILO,Martime Labour Convention 2003, IMO, WHO, International medical guide for ships, InternationalConvention on Standards, Certification );c) Medical facilities must be easily accessible, separated from other activities and only used for theintended use;d) Facility must be kept clean with sufficient lighting and ventilation;e) Adequate space for isolation of ill travelers must be provided;f) Drinking water must be available;g) Sanitation facilities with cold and hot water taps for handwashing must be provided;h) Soap, toilet paper and hand drying facilities must be provided in the sanitation facilities.9. Recreational water environmentsa) The recreational water environment onboard ship must conform to the specifications as per WHOGuide to Ship Sanitation and the Handbook for Inspection of Ships and Issuance of Ship SanitationCertificates;b) In the case of indoor recreational water environment adequate ventilation must be provided;c) All recreational water environments must be kept clean on a regular basis and the water treated toensure it is microbiologically safe.10. Engine roomsa) Engine room’s onboard ship must conform to the specifications as per WHO Guide to Ship Sanitationand the Handbook for Inspection of Ships and Issuance of Ship Sanitation Certificates;b) Rooms must be constructed of material that facilitates cleaning;c) Hand wash facilities with hot and cold water must be provided and be within easy reach;d) Bathing and changing facilities for engine department personnel must be provided;e) Adequate ventilation and lighting must be provided.11. Sewagea) Sewage onboard ship must conform to the specifications as per WHO Guide to Ship Sanitation andthe Handbook for Inspection of Ships and Issuance of Ship Sanitation Certificates.12. Cargo holdsa) Cargo holds must conform to the requirements as specified in the WHO Handbook for Inspection ofShips and Issuance of Ship Sanitation Certificates;b) Cargo holds must be constructed of material that facilitates cleaning and be kept in clean condition;c) They must be kept free of any infectious materials, vectors and rodents.13. Vector controla) Vector control onboard ship must conform to the requirements as specified in the WHO Guide toHygiene and Sanitation in Aviation;b) An integrated vector control programme must be in place;c) Rodent proofing measures must be installed and maintained.14. General requirementsa) Adequate natural or artificial lighting and ventilation must be available in all areas of the ship;b) A cleaning and maintenance programme must be in place for all areas within a ship;DOH. Norms and standards for environmental health in South Africa Feb 2013 86
c) Documents outlining prevention, surveillance and control of public health risks onboard should beavailable.SECTION 5:MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY ON BOARD SHIPImproperly managed water is an established route for infectious disease transmission on ships. Theimportance of water was illustrated in the review of more than 100 outbreaks associated with shipsundertaken by Rooney et al. (2004), in which one fifth were attributed to a waterborne route. Mostwaterborne outbreaks of disease on ships involve ingestion of water contaminated with pathogensderived from human or other animal excreta. Illnesses due to chemical poisoning of water have alsooccurred on ships, although chemical incidents are much less commonly reported than microbial ones.Even if the water at the port is safe, this does not ensure that it will remain safe during the transfer andstorage activities that follow.1. Ships must be loaded with potable water obtained only from water sources and suppliers that providepotable water and that conforms to SANS 241 in terms of chemical, microbial, physical andradiological quality, and must conform to the specifications as per WHO Guide to Ship Sanitation andthe Handbook for Inspection of Ships and Issuance of Ship Sanitation Certificates;2. Water transported to the ship must comply with the specifications of the SANS 241 with regards to itschemical, microbiological and physical quality.3. Water provided on board an aircraft must take into consideration the number of travelers and theintended use (i.e. preparation of beverages, hand washing, onboard showering facilities, cleaning ofutensils and work areas etc.);4. Tanks used for storing water must be kept clean and protected against contamination;5. Water monitoring /sampling must be well documented and records to be kept.6. A water supply delivered to ports must be suitable for distribution and consumption without furthertreatment as necessary to maintain water quality in the distribution system.7. Potable water in the ship, port and distribution system must comply with the requirements as outlinedin the WHO. Guide to ship sanitation, 3 rd edition and as set out in the SANS 241.8. Ships should have risk management plans in place. Each entity for the ship water supply; shore waterdistribution system; transfer and delivery system and ship water system should prepare andimplement a risk management plan for that part of the process.9. PHO must test drinking water supply to the ships and the ports regularly for fitness of humanconsumption both on an operational level and on compliance level.10. PHOs should also develop and implement Water Quality Monitoring Programmes for ship and portwater.11. WQMP should be implemented for compliance monitoring and audit sampling purposes. The saidprogrammes should highlight the “objectives” for the sampling, location “where” to sample andassess the deteminands “what” to be assessed, and the frequency “how often” to sample, for thepurpose of monitoring of all water from catchment to consumer which has the potential to impacthuman health following use.12. PHOs should only conduct compliance monitoring from pre-determined representative samplingpoints and at the user points as outlined in the WQMPs.13. PHOs should monitor water supply, in accordance to deliberate water quality monitoring programmesfor the purpose of quality assurance and to satisfy a quest to ensure optimum public health.14. PHOs should ensure that the WQMP is strictly followed and implemented; hence proper water qualitymonitoring records should be kept at all times.15. PHOs should only use the SANAS 17025:2005 accredited laboratories or Department of WaterAffairs (DWA)-approved laboratories per method of analysis for analysis of samples, to ensurecredible results.16. PHOs acquaint themselves with and have an understanding of the ship drinking-water supply andtransfer chain to be able to illustrate the points at which the water can become contaminated en routeto the taps on board.17. Regular monitoring must be done for each parameter to ensure maintenance of safe water quality18. The operational limits, monitoring of water quality and instituting of corrective action where requiredfor the water in the distribution system must be in accordance with the requirements as specified inWHO. Guide to ship sanitation.DOH. Norms and standards for environmental health in South Africa Feb 2013 87
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No. 36849 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 20 SE
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AcknowledgementsDrafting Team (Nati
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Preamble by Director-GeneralThe Nat
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POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKThe
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1. Introduction1.1 Policy contextOn
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5. Monitoring and enforcing complia
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BACKGROUNDHealth surveillance of pr
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h) Adequate and potable water avail
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a) Entrance and exit control must b
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• Storage of unsafe, toxic, dange
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(i) For children between 0-24 month
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• The health certificate holder,
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a) Separate storage facilities must
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2.4 Inspections should include an a
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g) Adequate facilities must be prov
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d) Corridors must be at least 1.8m
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1. NORMS1.1 Schools to be operated
Page 35 and 36: • A cardiopulmonary mouthpiece pr
Page 37 and 38: a) All circumcisions must be conduc
Page 39 and 40: ) Toilets, wash hand basins and bat
Page 41 and 42: • Liquid soap;• First aid instr
Page 43 and 44: h) A daily record must be kept on t
Page 45 and 46: t) A separate room or area with sep
Page 47 and 48: h) An adequate number of purpose-ma
Page 49 and 50: c) Health care facilities should ha
Page 51 and 52: a) All facilities used in connectio
Page 53 and 54: 5. General hygiene requirementsa) T
Page 55 and 56: 1.1 The premises operated under a v
Page 57 and 58: 5. Environmental health should cond
Page 59 and 60: d) The use of non-waterborne sanita
Page 61 and 62: so many kgs of manure is produced p
Page 63 and 64: a) On any residential premises, onl
Page 65 and 66: n) A rodent-proof storeroom must be
Page 67 and 68: d) Pets must be vaccinated against
Page 69 and 70: 1.3 The premises in compliance with
Page 71 and 72: 2.1 Environmental health inspection
Page 73 and 74: 2.1 Environmental health inspection
Page 75 and 76: 1) Responsibility of management1.1.
Page 77 and 78: that all possible health impacts of
Page 79 and 80: BACKGROUNDThe Scope of Profession o
Page 81 and 82: a) An Integrated Disease Surveillan
Page 83 and 84: a) All food onboard must be stored
Page 85: 3. Waste managementa) The managemen
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 3HEALTH RELATED WATER QUALI
Page 91 and 92: d) The catchment (rivers, treatment
Page 93 and 94: f) Ensuring monitoring of effective
Page 95 and 96: SECTION 4:WATER QUALITY MONITORING
Page 97 and 98: water world etc)1. In the event of
Page 99 and 100: Step 2: if water is obtained from t
Page 101 and 102: • Of the time frame, if any, with
Page 103 and 104: 3. Household grey-water (generated
Page 105 and 106: SECTION 14:MONITORING OF DRINKING W
Page 107 and 108: contamination (e.g. from birds and
Page 109 and 110: SECTION 21: COMPLIANCE ENFORCEMENT6
Page 111 and 112: DEFINITION OF APPLICABLE TERMSThe f
Page 113 and 114: BACKGROUNDWaste management is the c
Page 115 and 116: • Provides municipal health servi
Page 117 and 118: a) The premises used for recycling
Page 119 and 120: SECTION 4: COLLECTION OF GENERAL WA
Page 121 and 122: SECTION 7: CLASSIFICATION, PACKAGIN
Page 123 and 124: • The spillage area shall be mark
Page 125 and 126: • Elbow length heavy duty gloves,
Page 127 and 128: anatomical waste anatomical • Hav
Page 129 and 130: • Waste oxidizing substances and
Page 131 and 132: Sharps container 90 days Cool room
Page 133 and 134: Relationships between transboundary
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 5HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND C
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3. The premises used in connection
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d) In addition, all hazardous subst
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4. Guidelines for Drinking Water Qu
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for conducting monitoring.7. Analyz
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Bacterial infectionsCholeraCampylob
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paralytic aspeticmeningitis. The re
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National Norms and Standards relating to Environmental Health

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