National Norms and Standards relating to Environmental Health

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DEFINING TERMSFor the purpose of this document the following definitions apply:“Norms”A norm is defined as “the desired status” with regard to compliance and requirements.A norm also means a “norm” as defined by the National Health Act, act 61 of 2003, which means “astatistical normative rate of provision or measurable target outcome over a specific time period”. Thisnorm shall particularly refer to the norms and standards for health establishments.“Standards”A standards is a “mandatory legal requirements” or a recommendation that one is expected to follow toobtain the desired norm outcome. It is a statement of an expected level of quality delivery. They reflectthe ideal performance level.In this document, “must” shall indicate a mandatory requirement; “should” shall indicate that which isrecommended on the strength of authoritative sources, but cannot be interpreted as mandatory.DOH. Norms and standards for environmental health in South Africa Feb 2013 8
1. Introduction1.1 Policy contextOne of the key strategic issues for the health sector 10 Point Plan is “improving the quality of healthservices”, and the Strategic Plan for the department 2011/15 reflects the need to strengthen the provisionof environmental health services in the country. The shift of focus from prevention to a curative healthsystem has impacted negatively on the health status of the country as people depended on the healthsystem for their wellbeing rather than themselves. Government recognises the importance of preventionacross all areas of health care, which are clearly indicated in the White Paper on the Transformation ofHealth Services, as well as the Primary Health Care alma-ata.The Draft National Policy on Environmental Health Services reflects the Government’s intent as far asrendering Environmental Health Services is concerned. It is subject to the broader National Health Policy,as set out in the White Paper on the Transformation of Health Services in South Africa.1.2 Legal contextThe National Health Act, 61 of 2003 stipulates the broad role of national health to issue and promoteadherence to norms and standards on health matters, including environmental conditions that constitute ahealth hazard. The act further stipulates and provides Environmental Health Practitioners with the powersto enter any premises, except for a private dwelling, at any reasonable time and inspect such premises, inorder to ensure compliance with the act. Only a health officer registered as an Environmental HealthPractitioner in terms of the Health Professions Act, 1974 (Act 56 of 1974) may conduct environmentalhealth investigations, I terms of section 83 of the National Health Amendment Bill, 2011. The sectionstates that if a health officer has reasonable grounds to believe that any condition exist which –a. Constitute a violation to the right contained in section 24(s) of the Constitution;b. Constitute pollution detrimental to health;c. Is likely to cause a health nuisance; ord. Constitutes a health nuisance, the officer must investigate such condition.EHPs may further issue a compliance notice to any person if a provision in the National Health Act hasnot been complied with.The Regulations defining the Scope of the Profession of Environmental Health outlines functions ofEnvironmental Health Practitioners as the Nine Municipal Health functions. In terms of the National HealthAct, Municipal Health Services are defined to include the following environmental health functions, whichare provided by District and Metropolitan Municipalities:1. Water quality monitoring;2. Food control;3. Waste management;4. Health surveillance of premises;5. Surveillance and prevention of communicable diseases, excluding immunizations;6. Vector control;7. Environmental pollution control;8. Disposal of the dead; and9. Chemical safety.Provincial Environmental Health Services which are provided directly by the Provincial Departments ofHealth are:a. Malaria Control; andb. Control of Hazardous Substances.The National Health Amendment Bill amended the general functions of the national department of healthto include the facilitation and promotion of Port health service, which was assigned as a provincial healthfunction in terms of the NHA 2003. This function will become a national competency, due to the fact that itDOH. Norms and standards for environmental health in South Africa Feb 2013 9
Page 1 and 2: No. 36849 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 20 SE
Page 3 and 4: AcknowledgementsDrafting Team (Nati
Page 5 and 6: Preamble by Director-GeneralThe Nat
Page 7: POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKThe
Page 11 and 12: 5. Monitoring and enforcing complia
Page 13 and 14: BACKGROUNDHealth surveillance of pr
Page 15 and 16: h) Adequate and potable water avail
Page 17 and 18: a) Entrance and exit control must b
Page 19 and 20: • Storage of unsafe, toxic, dange
Page 21 and 22: (i) For children between 0-24 month
Page 23 and 24: • The health certificate holder,
Page 25 and 26: a) Separate storage facilities must
Page 27 and 28: 2.4 Inspections should include an a
Page 29 and 30: g) Adequate facilities must be prov
Page 31 and 32: d) Corridors must be at least 1.8m
Page 33 and 34: 1. NORMS1.1 Schools to be operated
Page 35 and 36: • A cardiopulmonary mouthpiece pr
Page 37 and 38: a) All circumcisions must be conduc
Page 39 and 40: ) Toilets, wash hand basins and bat
Page 41 and 42: • Liquid soap;• First aid instr
Page 43 and 44: h) A daily record must be kept on t
Page 45 and 46: t) A separate room or area with sep
Page 47 and 48: h) An adequate number of purpose-ma
Page 49 and 50: c) Health care facilities should ha
Page 51 and 52: a) All facilities used in connectio
Page 53 and 54: 5. General hygiene requirementsa) T
Page 55 and 56: 1.1 The premises operated under a v
Page 57 and 58: 5. Environmental health should cond
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d) The use of non-waterborne sanita
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so many kgs of manure is produced p
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a) On any residential premises, onl
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n) A rodent-proof storeroom must be
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d) Pets must be vaccinated against
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1.3 The premises in compliance with
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2.1 Environmental health inspection
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2.1 Environmental health inspection
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1) Responsibility of management1.1.
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that all possible health impacts of
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BACKGROUNDThe Scope of Profession o
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a) An Integrated Disease Surveillan
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a) All food onboard must be stored
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3. Waste managementa) The managemen
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c) Documents outlining prevention,
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Chapter 3HEALTH RELATED WATER QUALI
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d) The catchment (rivers, treatment
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f) Ensuring monitoring of effective
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SECTION 4:WATER QUALITY MONITORING
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water world etc)1. In the event of
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Step 2: if water is obtained from t
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• Of the time frame, if any, with
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3. Household grey-water (generated
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SECTION 14:MONITORING OF DRINKING W
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contamination (e.g. from birds and
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SECTION 21: COMPLIANCE ENFORCEMENT6
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DEFINITION OF APPLICABLE TERMSThe f
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BACKGROUNDWaste management is the c
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• Provides municipal health servi
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a) The premises used for recycling
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SECTION 4: COLLECTION OF GENERAL WA
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SECTION 7: CLASSIFICATION, PACKAGIN
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• The spillage area shall be mark
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• Elbow length heavy duty gloves,
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anatomical waste anatomical • Hav
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• Waste oxidizing substances and
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Sharps container 90 days Cool room
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Relationships between transboundary
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Chapter 5HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND C
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3. The premises used in connection
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d) In addition, all hazardous subst
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4. Guidelines for Drinking Water Qu
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for conducting monitoring.7. Analyz
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Bacterial infectionsCholeraCampylob
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paralytic aspeticmeningitis. The re
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