COUNTRY BACKGROUND - Gross National Happiness Commission

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Energy Sector 4 · increase Government revenues through the generation of power for sale to India; and · promote regional balance by investment in power projects, particularly in Eastern Bhutan. · work towards the goal of providing electricity to all parts of the country B. Achievement of ObjectivesB. Achievement of Objectives Table 20.3 6FYP Outlay and Actual Expenditure for the Department of Power Power GenerationPower Generation 20.18 The major achievement in the 6FYP was the commissioning of the Chukka Hydel Corporation with an installed capacity of 336 MW. Revenue earning by 1991 from the sale of power to India has risen to Nu. 384m a year. Along with the commissioning of Chhukha Hydel Corporation, a number of high voltage transmission lines and substations were also completed. The western part of the Kingdom is now covered by a well established grid. A total of 12 micro hydels (includes Khaling min hydel 3x0.2 MW, Gyetsa mini hydel 3x0.5 MW, Tamshing micro hydel 30.0 kw, Thinley gang micro hydel 30.0.kw, Surey micro hydel 70.0 kw, Kekhar micro hydel 20.0 kw, Bubja micro hydel 30.0 kw, Tongsa micro hydel 50.0 kw, Rukubji micro hydel 40.0 kw, Tansibji micro hydel 30.0 kw, Ura micro hydel 50.0 kw, Yadi micro hydel 30.0) were commissioned. Micro hydels at Dagana (200 kw) and Damphu (200 kw) and Tintibi will be completed in the plan period. High Voltage Transmission and SubstationsHigh Voltage Transmission and Substations 20.19 According to the 6FYP targets, 320 km of transmission lines were to be established. However, most of the transmission lines depended on the establishment of power projects such as the Kurichu Power Project which were not implemented. As of December 1990, 119 km of transmission line had been established in the following places: between Phuntsholing - Pasakha, Phuntsholing -Penden, Chuzum - Paro, Chuzum - Haa, Simtokha - Wangdiphodrang. Along with the high voltage transmission routes, several sub-stations were also established. Sub-transmission and DistributionSub-transmission and Distribution 20.20 Major works were completed in Thimphu and Paro, with most of the sub-transmission and distribution network in Thimphu being buried underground. The overhead lines were made more stable and reliable. Some minor works were also completed in Phuntsholing, Tashigang, Bumthang and Samdrup Jongkhar. Rural ElectrificationRural Electrification Schemes Financial outlay Expenditure by Oct'90 Generation 39.66 53.60 High Voltage Transmission 2.77 92.41 Subtransmission and Distribution 102.04 85.86 Rural Electrification 132.36 47.00 Survey and Investigations 31.00 5.17 Central Establishment 40.13 100.76 Total 347.95 384.80
Energy Sector 20.21 Most of the rural electrification programmes were planned for villages in Southern Bhutan. However, due to the lack of finance and manpower, actual expenditure has been only 36% of the planned outlay as of October 1990. The number of villages electrified have increased from 127 in 1986/87 to 171 in 1988/89 and the number of towns electrified has increased from 19 in 86/87 to 20 in 1988/89. The number of consumers has increased from 11,361 in 1986/87 to 14,092 in 1988/89. 20.22 Despite the progress mentioned highlighted above, over 90% of the population does not have access to electricity. The eventual goal of providing adequate, reliable and safe electrical energy throughout the country remains to be realised. Hydrological InvestigationsHydrological Investigations 20.23 Hydrological investigations were to be undertaken for the four major river basins e.g. Wangchu, Phochu Mochu, Dangmechu and Mangdechu. However, only a preliminary study for Wangchu was completed. Detailed Project Reports on both Wangchu Stage II at Tala village and Wangchu Stage III at Pipping village are yet to be prepared. A reconnaissance report on Yonglachu Project (1MW) at Lhuntsi has been finished and detailed Project Reports have been prepared for Kurichu Hydro project (45MW) and Tangsibji Hydro Project (45 MW). Prefeasibility and feasibility studies have been prepared for the Rangjung Hydro Project (1.1 MW) and Basochu Hydro Project (41MW). 20.24 Although hydrological investigations of four major river basins were not undertaken, these investigations will be completed under the Power System Master Plan. Work commenced on the formulation of the Master Plan in March 1990 and will be completed in 1993. The Power System Master Plan will establish a systematic hydrometeorological data collection network and determine hydro power development for the next 20 years, based on economic and technical viability. The Master Plan will guide the future course of action in the detailed investigation of major river basins and produce a ranked list of potential hydropower project sites. III. Objectives and Strategy for the 7FYPIII. Objectives and Strategy for the 7FYP A. Objectives for the 7FYPA. Objectives for the 7FYP 20.25 The objectives in the power sector relate to the national objectives of: · Sustainability and self-reliance through revenue generation by exploiting hydro-power resources in a sustainable manner · Efficiency · Regionally balanced growth and equitable provision of services 20.26 The main objectives for the power sector in the 7FYP are to: · increase Government revenues through the generation of power for sale to India and to industries in the country; · fulfil demand for electrical energy at minimum cost and as much as uniform way as possible to all the consumers through a system that is safe, reliable and efficient; · ensure balanced regional development through provision of energy for industrial growth; and · ensure environmentally sustainable use of hydropower resources. Revenue GenerationRevenue Generation 20.27 The Royal Government views the power sector as one of its main sources of revenue through the export of hydro-electric power and internal sale of power. Power sector development is also seen as key to the progress of manufacturing sector which depends on reliable supply of electricity. As mentioned above, earning through export revenues from electricity has increased from Nu. 275.9 in 1987 to Nu 375 in 1991. This increase in revenue was due, primarily to the increase in the power tariff from Nu 0.20 per kWh in 1987 to Nu 0.27 per kWh in 1991. It is envisaged that these revenues will increase further with the development of new capacity: Kurichu Hydel Project (45MW) is scheduled to be implemented between 1993 and 1997, Tangsibji Hydel Project (45MW) from 1995 onwards and Basachu Hydel Project (41MW) between 1993 and 1997. All three major projects which will produce substantial power for export or internal consumption, but only in the early part of the 8FYP. However, these projects must be started in the 7FYP to create a major impact on the revenue position in the 8FYP. It will be realistic to assume that no additional revenue will accrue to the government from these projects in 7FYP. Within the 7FYP, the Chhukha Tail Race Tunnel, planned for implementation between 1993 and 1995, will generate an 5
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COUNTRY BACKGROUND I. Physical Char
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COUNTRY BACKGROUND Minerals The exa
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COUNTRY BACKGROUND Bhutan is the le
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COUNTRY BACKGROUND personnel polici
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CHAPTER 2 ECONOMIC PERFORMANCEECONO
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2: Gross Domestic Product 1980 —
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Figure 2.2 Economic Performance IV.
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Table 2.4 Government Expenditures 1
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Table 2.5 Summary of RGOB Budgetary
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Figure 2.5 Economic Performance 2.2
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Economic Performance of Infant Mort
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Approach to Development · sustaina
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Approach to Development 3.19 The fo
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Environment and Sustainable Develop
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Environment and Sustainable Develop
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Women's Involvement in Development
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CHAPTER 6 PRIVATISATION AND PUBLIC
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unacceptably high inequalities of i
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CHAPTER 7 ECONOMIC OUTLOOKECONOMIC
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Economic Outlook 7.9 This section e
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Table 7.2 Seventh Plan Outlay and S
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Figure 7.2 Figure 7.3 Capital Expen
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Economic Outlook economic sector wi
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Economic Outlook recurrent expendit
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Financing GapFinancing Gap Table 7.
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Fiscal and Monetary Policy Table 8.
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Fiscal and Monetary Policy Strategy
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Fiscal and Monetary Policy Table 8.
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Fiscal and Monetary Policy TABLE 8.
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I. IntroductionI. Introduction CHAP
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Aid Policy 9.9 Sectoral Allocation
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Aid Policy 9.20 Sector Ministries,
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Aid Policy Aid and the Private Sect
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Culture and Religion Dratshangs and
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Culture and Religion and documented
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Culture and Religion V. Financial a
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Education Table 11.1 Educational In
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Education Higher EducationHigher Ed
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Education 11.24 In 1986, the enrolm
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Education Table 11.3 Enrolment Targ
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Education particularly of the natio
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Education writing and numeracy and
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CHAPTER 12 Human Resource Developme
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of Bhutan + Corporation Planning Co
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Joint and Public Sector IndustriesJ
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Table 12.5 Sectoral Training Funded
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Human Resource Development IV. Manp
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CHAPTER 13 HEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SE
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Table 13.2 Health Institutions July
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A. Objectives and Strategies in the
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Table 13.5 Goals for Children and W
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Health Services IV. Health Sector P
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Mother and Child Health (MCH)Mother
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TOTALS FOR Health 1992/93 1993/94 1
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Human Settlements Chhukha. Certifie
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Human Settlements Lack of Skilled M
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Human Settlements only a fraction -
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Human Settlements awareness of the
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CHAPTER 15 TRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPOR
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Table 15.2 Passenger Carriage by Dr
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Civil AviationCivil Aviation Transp
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Transport Sector 15.25 In the 7FYP,
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Transport Sector target for formati
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COUNTRY BACKGROUND - Gross National Happiness Commission

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