Energy in Australia

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Figure 8.9: Australia’s energy consumption in the road transport sector in 2013–14, fuel mix by state Per cent 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Aus NSW Vic Qld WA SA Tas NT Gasoline Diesel LPG Biofuels Natural gas Source: Department of Industry and Science (2015) Australian Energy Statistics, Table F Prices The price of fuel affects the level of energy consumption and the type of energy consumed. Fuel prices can go up and down due to a combination of factors: changes in international benchmark prices, the value of the Australian dollar relative to the US dollar, levels of competition in different areas, and pricing decisions by wholesalers and retailers. International prices of crude oil largely drive international refined petrol prices, which in turn drive retail petrol prices in Australia. Because international prices are expressed in US dollars, changes in the AUD–USD exchange rate also affect domestic retail prices. Australian wholesale gasoline and diesel prices closely follow movements in Singapore gasoline prices, which are in turn largely set by world oil prices. In 2014–15 the Singapore spot price fell by 21 per cent to average A$0.66 a litre (in 2014–15 Australian dollar) in response to weakening global economic conditions. Reflecting the fall in international oil prices Australia’s real petrol and diesel price declined by 12 and 13 per cent respectively. 104 ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA 2015
Figure 8.10: Retail fuel prices in Australia 200 2014 – 15 Ac/L 150 100 50 0 2002–03 2004–05 2006–07 2008–09 2010–11 2012–13 2014–15 Average petrol retail price Average diesel price Singapore spot price (benchmark) Notes: Prices are GST inclusive Source: Australian Institute of Petroleum (2015) Annual Retail Prices; IEA (2015), Quarterly Prices and Taxes Trade Australia is a net importer of crude oil and other refinery feedstock but a net exporter of LPG. In 2014–15, Australia imported 24.7 gigalitres of crude oil and other refinery feedstock. The high proportion of imports as a share of total production reflects the fact that most of Australia’s oil production occurs off the north-west coast of Western Australia, which is closer to Asian refineries than domestic refineries on the east coast, and is therefore more profitable to export. With declining east coast production, domestic refineries on the east coast now mostly rely on imported feedstock. In addition to costs, crude grades produced in Australia are generally not as well suited for use by Australian refineries as those sourced from other countries. ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA 2015 105
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Energy in Australia 2015 WWW.INDUST
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Department of Industry, Innovation
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Contents Foreword v Data sources IX
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8. Petroleum 93 Overview 94 Primary
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Abbreviations and acronyms ABS AEMC
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Economic contribution The energy in
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Table 1.2: Australia’s energy pro
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Energy consumption Australia’s en
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Figure 1.5: Australia’s energy ex
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Box 1: Energy flows through the Aus
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Figure 1.9: Energy trade insight Au
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Overview Energy can be extracted or
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Map 2.1: Australia’s energy resou
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Oil Australia has limited resources
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Uranium Australia has the world’s
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Map 2.2: Australia’s solar energy
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Figure 2.4: Australia’s wind ener
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Overview Australia consumed 5,831 p
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Table 3.1: Energy consumption, inte
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Table 3.2: Australia’s primary en
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Table 3.3: Australia’s energy con
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Table 3.5: Australia’s energy bal
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Table 3.6: Total final energy consu
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Structure of the Australian Electri
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Generation from renewable fuels con
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Table 4.2: Top 10 electricity gener
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Table 4.3: Australia’s principal
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Energy efficiency improvements have
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Figure 4.5: Australian electricity
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In Queensland, Western Australia, T
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Rooftop solar panels, Sydney Austra
Page 64 and 65: Overview In Australia, renewable en
Page 66 and 67: Table 5.1: Australia’s renewable
Page 68 and 69: Electricity generation Around 44 pe
Page 70 and 71: The location of renewable energy pr
Page 72 and 73: Solar energy Solar has been the mos
Page 74 and 75: Table 5.4: Australia’s solar PV e
Page 76 and 77: Coal being loaded onto a ship, Newc
Page 78 and 79: Overview Australia is the fourth la
Page 80 and 81: Figure 6.2: Australia’s black coa
Page 82 and 83: Table 6.1: Australia’s coal consu
Page 84 and 85: Figure 6.6: World’s largest metal
Page 86 and 87: Low emissions coal Burning fossil f
Page 88 and 89: Overview Gas — conventional and u
Page 90 and 91: In 2014-15 coal seam gas production
Page 92 and 93: Figure 7.2: Australia’s gas produ
Page 94 and 95: Table 7.2: Gas consumption, by stat
Page 96 and 97: Figure 7.6: Australia’s gas marke
Page 98 and 99: Map 7.2: Australian LNG trade by ma
Page 100 and 101: Prices The majority of Australian L
Page 102 and 103: Figure 7.9: Retail household gas pr
Page 104 and 105: Overview Australia produces a range
Page 106 and 107: Figure 8.2: Australia’s primary p
Page 108 and 109: Figure 8.3: Australia’s refinery
Page 110 and 111: Figure 8.5: Australia’s refined p
Page 112 and 113: Table 8.4: Australia’s diesel con
Page 116 and 117: Figure 8.11: Australia’s petroleu
Page 118 and 119: Table 8.6: Australia’s petroleum
Page 120 and 121: Reserves Figure 9.1: Share of globa
Page 122 and 123: Production Figure 9.5: Energy produ
Page 124 and 125: Consumption Figure 9.9: Primary ene
Page 126 and 127: Figure 9.13: Energy imports, top 10
Page 128 and 129: Figure 9.17: Coal fired electricity
Page 130 and 131: Prices Figure 9.21: OECD household
Page 132 and 133: Figure 9.23: OECD diesel prices, 20
Page 134 and 135: Table A.2: Conversion between units
Page 136 and 137: Table A5: Gross energy content of g
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Energy in Australia

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