Energy in Australia

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Oil Australia has limited resources of crude oil, and most known remaining oil resources are condensate and naturally occurring liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) associated with large offshore gas fields. Australia holds around 0.2 per cent of world crude oil reserves. At the end of 2012, Australia’s EDR of oil were estimated at 20,559 petajoules (3,753 Mbbl), comprising 11,403 petajoules (1,938 Mbbl) of condensate, 5,038 petajoules (856 Mbbl) of crude oil and 4,118 petajoules (959 Mbbl) of LPG. Australia’s ratio of EDR to current production is estimated at around 16 years for LPG, 7 to 10 years for crude oil and 25 years for condensate. The ratio for oil has remained around this level since the 1980s due to new discoveries and existing resources becoming more economic. Approximately 94 per cent of Australia’s oil resources are located in four basins. These are the Carnarvon, Browse and Bonaparte Basins off the north-west coast of Western Australia and the Northern Territory, and the Gippsland Basin off the south-east coast of Victoria. Figure 2.2: Australia’s Economic Demonstrated Resources of oil 30,000 25,000 20,000 PJ 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 Crude Condensate LPG Source: Geoscience Australia (2015) 18 ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA 2015
Gas Australia holds approximately two per cent of world EDR of conventional gas. At the end of 2012, Australia’s EDR of conventional gas were estimated at 110,120 petajoules (2.83 tcm). At current production rates, there are sufficient EDR of conventional gas to last another 51 years. Australia also has significant unconventional gas resources. Coal seam gas (CSG) EDR has continued rising to an estimated 45,553 petajoules (1.17 tcm) at the end of 2014. Australia may also have significant resources of shale and tight gas, although estimates of potential resources have a high degree of uncertainty. Most (around 92 per cent) of Australia’s conventional gas resources are located in the Carnarvon, Browse and Bonaparte basins off the north-west coast. There are also resources in south-west, south-east and central Australia. Large CSG resources exist in the coal basins of Queensland and New South Wales. Most potential shale gas resources are in South Australia. Figure 2.3: Australia’s Economic Demonstrated Resources of conventional and coal seam gas 150,000 125,000 100,000 PJ 75,000 50,000 25,000 0 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 Coal seam gas Conventional gas Notes: Conventional gas figures last updated end of 2012 Source: Geoscience Australia and COAG Energy Council (2015) ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA 2015 19
Page 1: Energy in Australia 2015 WWW.INDUST
Page 4 and 5: Department of Industry, Innovation
Page 6 and 7: Contents Foreword v Data sources IX
Page 8 and 9: 8. Petroleum 93 Overview 94 Primary
Page 10 and 11: Abbreviations and acronyms ABS AEMC
Page 12 and 13: Economic contribution The energy in
Page 14 and 15: Table 1.2: Australia’s energy pro
Page 16 and 17: Energy consumption Australia’s en
Page 18 and 19: Figure 1.5: Australia’s energy ex
Page 20 and 21: Box 1: Energy flows through the Aus
Page 22 and 23: Figure 1.9: Energy trade insight Au
Page 24 and 25: Overview Energy can be extracted or
Page 26 and 27: Map 2.1: Australia’s energy resou
Page 30 and 31: Uranium Australia has the world’s
Page 32 and 33: Map 2.2: Australia’s solar energy
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2.4: Australia’s wind ener
Page 36 and 37: Overview Australia consumed 5,831 p
Page 38 and 39: Table 3.1: Energy consumption, inte
Page 40 and 41: Table 3.2: Australia’s primary en
Page 42 and 43: Table 3.3: Australia’s energy con
Page 44 and 45: Table 3.5: Australia’s energy bal
Page 46 and 47: Table 3.6: Total final energy consu
Page 48 and 49: Structure of the Australian Electri
Page 50 and 51: Generation from renewable fuels con
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.2: Top 10 electricity gener
Page 54 and 55: Table 4.3: Australia’s principal
Page 56 and 57: Energy efficiency improvements have
Page 58 and 59: Figure 4.5: Australian electricity
Page 60 and 61: In Queensland, Western Australia, T
Page 62 and 63: Rooftop solar panels, Sydney Austra
Page 64 and 65: Overview In Australia, renewable en
Page 66 and 67: Table 5.1: Australia’s renewable
Page 68 and 69: Electricity generation Around 44 pe
Page 70 and 71: The location of renewable energy pr
Page 72 and 73: Solar energy Solar has been the mos
Page 74 and 75: Table 5.4: Australia’s solar PV e
Page 76 and 77: Coal being loaded onto a ship, Newc
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Overview Australia is the fourth la
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Figure 6.2: Australia’s black coa
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Table 6.1: Australia’s coal consu
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Figure 6.6: World’s largest metal
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Low emissions coal Burning fossil f
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Overview Gas — conventional and u
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In 2014-15 coal seam gas production
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Figure 7.2: Australia’s gas produ
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Table 7.2: Gas consumption, by stat
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Figure 7.6: Australia’s gas marke
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Map 7.2: Australian LNG trade by ma
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Prices The majority of Australian L
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Figure 7.9: Retail household gas pr
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Overview Australia produces a range
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Figure 8.2: Australia’s primary p
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Figure 8.3: Australia’s refinery
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Figure 8.5: Australia’s refined p
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Table 8.4: Australia’s diesel con
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Figure 8.9: Australia’s energy co
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Figure 8.11: Australia’s petroleu
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Table 8.6: Australia’s petroleum
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Reserves Figure 9.1: Share of globa
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Production Figure 9.5: Energy produ
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Consumption Figure 9.9: Primary ene
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Figure 9.13: Energy imports, top 10
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Figure 9.17: Coal fired electricity
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Prices Figure 9.21: OECD household
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Figure 9.23: OECD diesel prices, 20
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Table A.2: Conversion between units
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Table A5: Gross energy content of g
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Energy in Australia

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