Energy in Australia

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Overview Australia consumed 5,831 petajoules of energy in 2013–14, with 94 per cent coming from fossil fuel sources (coal, oil and gas). Australia was the world’s twentieth largest energy consumer in 2013, and ranked seventeenth on a per person basis. Australian energy consumption fell by 1.5 per cent in 2013–14. Growth in energy use in the mining, transport and services sectors was offset by declines in energy use for electricity generation and manufacturing sectors. The transport, electricity supply and manufacturing sectors accounted for three-quarters of Australia’s energy consumption in 2013–14. Energy intensity and productivity Growth in energy consumption in Australia has generally remained below the rate of economic growth over the past three decades. This has led to a decline in Australia’s energy intensity (the ratio of energy use to activity in the Australian economy), and an improvement in energy productivity. This can be attributed mainly to improvements in energy efficiency associated with technological advancement, and a shift in economic structure towards less energy-intensive sectors such as services. In 2013–14, energy productivity, as defined by the ratio of gross domestic product to energy consumption, increased by 4 per cent. Trends in energy intensity are not uniform across states and territories, reflecting different economic structures and relative shares of energy intensive industries. Queensland and the Northern Territory had the highest energy intensities in 2013–14, while New South Wales and South Australia had relatively low energy intensities. 26 ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA 2015
Primary energy Fossil fuels, including coal, oil and gas, dominate Australia’s primary energy consumption. Oil is Australia’s largest source of energy, accounting for 38 per cent of consumption in 2013–14. Oil consumption fell by 1 per cent in 2013–14 as the full effect of the closure of the Clyde refinery in late 2012 was realised. Coal is the second largest primary fuel consumed in Australia, but its share of total energy consumption has been falling. In 2013–14 black and brown coal accounted for 32 per cent of energy consumption, compared with 42 per cent a decade ago. Coal consumption fell by 5 per cent in 2013–14, underpinned by falling use in the electricity and iron and steel sectors. The share of natural gas has been increasing, supported by greater uptake in electricity generation and industrial use. In 2013–14, natural gas accounted for 24 per cent of energy consumption, with consumption rising by 2 per cent. Renewable energy sources accounted for the remaining 6 per cent of Australia’s energy consumption in 2013–14. Renewable energy consumption rose by 4 per cent in 2013–14. Figure 3.1: Australia’s energy consumption, intensity and productivity 1973–74=100 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 GDP Energy consumption Energy productivity Energy intensity Source: Department of Industry and Science (2015) Australian energy statistics, Table B ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA 2015 27
Page 1: Energy in Australia 2015 WWW.INDUST
Page 4 and 5: Department of Industry, Innovation
Page 6 and 7: Contents Foreword v Data sources IX
Page 8 and 9: 8. Petroleum 93 Overview 94 Primary
Page 10 and 11: Abbreviations and acronyms ABS AEMC
Page 12 and 13: Economic contribution The energy in
Page 14 and 15: Table 1.2: Australia’s energy pro
Page 16 and 17: Energy consumption Australia’s en
Page 18 and 19: Figure 1.5: Australia’s energy ex
Page 20 and 21: Box 1: Energy flows through the Aus
Page 22 and 23: Figure 1.9: Energy trade insight Au
Page 24 and 25: Overview Energy can be extracted or
Page 26 and 27: Map 2.1: Australia’s energy resou
Page 28 and 29: Oil Australia has limited resources
Page 30 and 31: Uranium Australia has the world’s
Page 32 and 33: Map 2.2: Australia’s solar energy
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2.4: Australia’s wind ener
Page 38 and 39: Table 3.1: Energy consumption, inte
Page 40 and 41: Table 3.2: Australia’s primary en
Page 42 and 43: Table 3.3: Australia’s energy con
Page 44 and 45: Table 3.5: Australia’s energy bal
Page 46 and 47: Table 3.6: Total final energy consu
Page 48 and 49: Structure of the Australian Electri
Page 50 and 51: Generation from renewable fuels con
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.2: Top 10 electricity gener
Page 54 and 55: Table 4.3: Australia’s principal
Page 56 and 57: Energy efficiency improvements have
Page 58 and 59: Figure 4.5: Australian electricity
Page 60 and 61: In Queensland, Western Australia, T
Page 62 and 63: Rooftop solar panels, Sydney Austra
Page 64 and 65: Overview In Australia, renewable en
Page 66 and 67: Table 5.1: Australia’s renewable
Page 68 and 69: Electricity generation Around 44 pe
Page 70 and 71: The location of renewable energy pr
Page 72 and 73: Solar energy Solar has been the mos
Page 74 and 75: Table 5.4: Australia’s solar PV e
Page 76 and 77: Coal being loaded onto a ship, Newc
Page 78 and 79: Overview Australia is the fourth la
Page 80 and 81: Figure 6.2: Australia’s black coa
Page 82 and 83: Table 6.1: Australia’s coal consu
Page 84 and 85: Figure 6.6: World’s largest metal
Page 86 and 87:
Low emissions coal Burning fossil f
Page 88 and 89:
Overview Gas — conventional and u
Page 90 and 91:
In 2014-15 coal seam gas production
Page 92 and 93:
Figure 7.2: Australia’s gas produ
Page 94 and 95:
Table 7.2: Gas consumption, by stat
Page 96 and 97:
Figure 7.6: Australia’s gas marke
Page 98 and 99:
Map 7.2: Australian LNG trade by ma
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Prices The majority of Australian L
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Figure 7.9: Retail household gas pr
Page 104 and 105:
Overview Australia produces a range
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Figure 8.2: Australia’s primary p
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Figure 8.3: Australia’s refinery
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Figure 8.5: Australia’s refined p
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Table 8.4: Australia’s diesel con
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Figure 8.9: Australia’s energy co
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Figure 8.11: Australia’s petroleu
Page 118 and 119:
Table 8.6: Australia’s petroleum
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Reserves Figure 9.1: Share of globa
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Production Figure 9.5: Energy produ
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Consumption Figure 9.9: Primary ene
Page 126 and 127:
Figure 9.13: Energy imports, top 10
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Figure 9.17: Coal fired electricity
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Prices Figure 9.21: OECD household
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Figure 9.23: OECD diesel prices, 20
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Table A.2: Conversion between units
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Table A5: Gross energy content of g
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Energy in Australia

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