Energy in Australia

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Figure 6.2: Australia’s black coal balance 12,500 10,000 7,500 PJ 5,000 2,500 0 1994–95 1999–00 2004–05 2009–10 2014–15 Black coal exports Domestic use Black coal production Source: Department of Industry and Science (2015) Australian energy statistics Figure 6.3: Australia’s top five producers of black coal, 2014–15 Glencore BHP* Anglo American Peabody Rio Tinto 0 3 6 9 12 15 Notes: Includes partnerships with BMA and Mitsui Coal Source: Compiled from company reports Per cent 70 ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA 2015
Domestic consumption Australian coal consumption was 1,845 petajoules (around 116 million tonnes) in 2013–14. Coal consumption fell by 5 per cent in 2013–14, underpinned by a decline in coal-fired electricity generation and demand from the iron and steel sector. This continues a longer term decline in the use of coal in Australia, with coal consumption declining by 1.6 per cent a year on average over the past decade. The vast majority of Australian coal consumption is as a fuel for electricity generation. Black coal is also used to manufacture coke, for use in blast furnaces in the iron and steel sector. Trade In 2014–15 Australia exported 392 million tonnes of black coal, a 4.5 per cent increase from 2013–14. Over the past decade, coal exports grew at an average rate of 5 per cent per year. Coal is Australia’s second largest export earner behind iron ore, valued at around $38 billion in 2014–15. Metallurgical coal comprised $22 billion of the total, with the remaining $16 billion from thermal coal. In 2014, Australia accounted for 58 per cent of the world metallurgical coal market, and 27 per cent of total coal trade. Australia’s high share of the world metallurgical coal market reflects Australia’s large resource endowment of high quality coal and proximity to Asian steel mills. Japan is Australia’s largest export destination, accounting for 31 per cent of Australia’s coal exports in 2014–15. China is Australia’s fastest growing export destination, with its share rising from 1 per cent in 2007–08 to 22 per cent in 2014–15. Australia has world class rail and port facilities that provide competitive advantage for Australian coal in the international markets. There are currently nine port facilities in Queensland and New South Wales, with a combined export capacity of around 517 million tonnes a year. The Wiggins Island Coal Export Terminal at the Port of Gladstone in Queensland was completed during 2015. A number of rail projects are being upgraded or developed to link the ports with the mines in Queensland and New South Wales for further increase production and export capacity. ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA 2015 71
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Energy in Australia 2015 WWW.INDUST
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Department of Industry, Innovation
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Contents Foreword v Data sources IX
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8. Petroleum 93 Overview 94 Primary
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Abbreviations and acronyms ABS AEMC
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Economic contribution The energy in
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Table 1.2: Australia’s energy pro
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Energy consumption Australia’s en
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Figure 1.5: Australia’s energy ex
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Box 1: Energy flows through the Aus
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Figure 1.9: Energy trade insight Au
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Overview Energy can be extracted or
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Map 2.1: Australia’s energy resou
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Oil Australia has limited resources
Page 30 and 31: Uranium Australia has the world’s
Page 32 and 33: Map 2.2: Australia’s solar energy
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2.4: Australia’s wind ener
Page 36 and 37: Overview Australia consumed 5,831 p
Page 38 and 39: Table 3.1: Energy consumption, inte
Page 40 and 41: Table 3.2: Australia’s primary en
Page 42 and 43: Table 3.3: Australia’s energy con
Page 44 and 45: Table 3.5: Australia’s energy bal
Page 46 and 47: Table 3.6: Total final energy consu
Page 48 and 49: Structure of the Australian Electri
Page 50 and 51: Generation from renewable fuels con
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.2: Top 10 electricity gener
Page 54 and 55: Table 4.3: Australia’s principal
Page 56 and 57: Energy efficiency improvements have
Page 58 and 59: Figure 4.5: Australian electricity
Page 60 and 61: In Queensland, Western Australia, T
Page 62 and 63: Rooftop solar panels, Sydney Austra
Page 64 and 65: Overview In Australia, renewable en
Page 66 and 67: Table 5.1: Australia’s renewable
Page 68 and 69: Electricity generation Around 44 pe
Page 70 and 71: The location of renewable energy pr
Page 72 and 73: Solar energy Solar has been the mos
Page 74 and 75: Table 5.4: Australia’s solar PV e
Page 76 and 77: Coal being loaded onto a ship, Newc
Page 78 and 79: Overview Australia is the fourth la
Page 82 and 83: Table 6.1: Australia’s coal consu
Page 84 and 85: Figure 6.6: World’s largest metal
Page 86 and 87: Low emissions coal Burning fossil f
Page 88 and 89: Overview Gas — conventional and u
Page 90 and 91: In 2014-15 coal seam gas production
Page 92 and 93: Figure 7.2: Australia’s gas produ
Page 94 and 95: Table 7.2: Gas consumption, by stat
Page 96 and 97: Figure 7.6: Australia’s gas marke
Page 98 and 99: Map 7.2: Australian LNG trade by ma
Page 100 and 101: Prices The majority of Australian L
Page 102 and 103: Figure 7.9: Retail household gas pr
Page 104 and 105: Overview Australia produces a range
Page 106 and 107: Figure 8.2: Australia’s primary p
Page 108 and 109: Figure 8.3: Australia’s refinery
Page 110 and 111: Figure 8.5: Australia’s refined p
Page 112 and 113: Table 8.4: Australia’s diesel con
Page 114 and 115: Figure 8.9: Australia’s energy co
Page 116 and 117: Figure 8.11: Australia’s petroleu
Page 118 and 119: Table 8.6: Australia’s petroleum
Page 120 and 121: Reserves Figure 9.1: Share of globa
Page 122 and 123: Production Figure 9.5: Energy produ
Page 124 and 125: Consumption Figure 9.9: Primary ene
Page 126 and 127: Figure 9.13: Energy imports, top 10
Page 128 and 129: Figure 9.17: Coal fired electricity
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Prices Figure 9.21: OECD household
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Figure 9.23: OECD diesel prices, 20
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Table A.2: Conversion between units
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Table A5: Gross energy content of g
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Energy in Australia

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