Energy in Australia

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Overview Energy can be extracted or captured directly from natural resources, including coal, crude oil, natural gas, wood, wind and solar energy, or by transforming these sources into other types of energy, such as burning coal to make electricity and refining crude oil to make petrol and diesel. Australia has abundant and diverse natural resources, including nonrenewable and renewable resources. These high quality energy resources are widely distributed across the country and supply energy for domestic consumption and the world market. Australia holds the world’s largest economic uranium resources, the fourth largest black and brown coal resources, and substantial conventional and unconventional gas resources. This globally significant resource base is capable of meeting domestic and export demand for many more decades. There remain significant underexplored and unquantified resources both onshore and offshore, with the potential for future resource discovery and development. Identified resources of crude oil, condensate and liquefied petroleum gas are more limited, and Australia is increasingly reliant on oil imports. Australia has significant renewable energy resources, with utilisation growing strongly over the past decade. Australia has some of the highest solar radiation levels per square kilometre of any continent in the world. Wind, geothermal, wave and tidal energy resources are also world class and hold considerable potential. 14 ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA 2015
Table 2.1: Australia’s Economic Demonstrated Resources, as at December 2014 Share of world Reserves to Volume PJ Per cent Years Coal Brown 44.2 Gt 454,889 22 728 Black 62.6 Gt 1,705 851 9.1 111 Oil a Crude 856 Mbbl 5,038 0.2 7–10 LPG 959 Mbbl 4,118 na 16 Condensate 1,938 Mbbl 11,403 na 25 Gas 2.83 tcm 110,120 1.6 51 Coal seam gas 1.17 tcm 45,553 na 133 1,151 kt 592,765 31.1 231 Notes: a) Figures as at December 2012 b) Reasonably assured resources recoverable at costs less than US$130/kg Source: Geoscience Australia (2015) Australia’s Identified Mineral Resources; Geoscience Australia and BREE (2014), Australian Energy Resource Assessment ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA 2015 15
Page 1: Energy in Australia 2015 WWW.INDUST
Page 4 and 5: Department of Industry, Innovation
Page 6 and 7: Contents Foreword v Data sources IX
Page 8 and 9: 8. Petroleum 93 Overview 94 Primary
Page 10 and 11: Abbreviations and acronyms ABS AEMC
Page 12 and 13: Economic contribution The energy in
Page 14 and 15: Table 1.2: Australia’s energy pro
Page 16 and 17: Energy consumption Australia’s en
Page 18 and 19: Figure 1.5: Australia’s energy ex
Page 20 and 21: Box 1: Energy flows through the Aus
Page 22 and 23: Figure 1.9: Energy trade insight Au
Page 26 and 27: Map 2.1: Australia’s energy resou
Page 28 and 29: Oil Australia has limited resources
Page 30 and 31: Uranium Australia has the world’s
Page 32 and 33: Map 2.2: Australia’s solar energy
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2.4: Australia’s wind ener
Page 36 and 37: Overview Australia consumed 5,831 p
Page 38 and 39: Table 3.1: Energy consumption, inte
Page 40 and 41: Table 3.2: Australia’s primary en
Page 42 and 43: Table 3.3: Australia’s energy con
Page 44 and 45: Table 3.5: Australia’s energy bal
Page 46 and 47: Table 3.6: Total final energy consu
Page 48 and 49: Structure of the Australian Electri
Page 50 and 51: Generation from renewable fuels con
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.2: Top 10 electricity gener
Page 54 and 55: Table 4.3: Australia’s principal
Page 56 and 57: Energy efficiency improvements have
Page 58 and 59: Figure 4.5: Australian electricity
Page 60 and 61: In Queensland, Western Australia, T
Page 62 and 63: Rooftop solar panels, Sydney Austra
Page 64 and 65: Overview In Australia, renewable en
Page 66 and 67: Table 5.1: Australia’s renewable
Page 68 and 69: Electricity generation Around 44 pe
Page 70 and 71: The location of renewable energy pr
Page 72 and 73: Solar energy Solar has been the mos
Page 74 and 75:
Table 5.4: Australia’s solar PV e
Page 76 and 77:
Coal being loaded onto a ship, Newc
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Overview Australia is the fourth la
Page 80 and 81:
Figure 6.2: Australia’s black coa
Page 82 and 83:
Table 6.1: Australia’s coal consu
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Figure 6.6: World’s largest metal
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Low emissions coal Burning fossil f
Page 88 and 89:
Overview Gas — conventional and u
Page 90 and 91:
In 2014-15 coal seam gas production
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Figure 7.2: Australia’s gas produ
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Table 7.2: Gas consumption, by stat
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Figure 7.6: Australia’s gas marke
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Map 7.2: Australian LNG trade by ma
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Prices The majority of Australian L
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Figure 7.9: Retail household gas pr
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Overview Australia produces a range
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Figure 8.2: Australia’s primary p
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Figure 8.3: Australia’s refinery
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Figure 8.5: Australia’s refined p
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Table 8.4: Australia’s diesel con
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Figure 8.9: Australia’s energy co
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Figure 8.11: Australia’s petroleu
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Table 8.6: Australia’s petroleum
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Reserves Figure 9.1: Share of globa
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Production Figure 9.5: Energy produ
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Consumption Figure 9.9: Primary ene
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Figure 9.13: Energy imports, top 10
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Figure 9.17: Coal fired electricity
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Prices Figure 9.21: OECD household
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Figure 9.23: OECD diesel prices, 20
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Table A.2: Conversion between units
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Table A5: Gross energy content of g
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Energy in Australia

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