Energy in Australia

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Figure 6.6: World’s largest metallurgical coal exporters 200 150 Million tonnes 100 50 0 Australia United States Canada Russian Federation 2011 2012 2013 2014 Other Source: Department of Industry, Innovation and Science (2015) Resources and Energy Quarterly; IEA (2015) Coal information Figure 6.7: World’s largest thermal coal exporters 450 Million tonnes 300 150 0 Indonesia Australia Russian Colombia South Africa Other Federation 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: Department of Industry, Innovation and Science (2015) Resources and Energy Quarterly; IEA (2015) Coal information 74 ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA 2015
Prices The majority of Australian coal export contracts are based on the Japanese fiscal year, starting 1 April. Coking coal contracts are now negotiated on a quarterly basis, a shift from the annual contracts of previous years. Thermal coal contracts have in recent years also been standardised with a common coal trading platform, increasing the liquidity of seaborne coal supply. High quality hard coking coal prices for JFY 2015 averaged US$93 a tonne, a 22 per cent fall from the previous year. Semi-soft coking coal averaged US$110 a tonne, an increase of 5 per cent. Average thermal coal prices fell by 17 per cent in 2015 to US$68 a tonne. The decline in average coal prices in the past three years is mainly attributed to abundant supply of seaborne coal. Figure 6.8: Australian benchmark coal prices for Japanese fiscal year 400 2015 US$ per tonne 300 200 100 0 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 Hard coking Semi-soft coking Thermal Source: Department of Industry, Innovation and Science (2015) Resources and Energy Quarterly ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA 2015 75
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Energy in Australia 2015 WWW.INDUST
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Department of Industry, Innovation
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Contents Foreword v Data sources IX
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8. Petroleum 93 Overview 94 Primary
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Abbreviations and acronyms ABS AEMC
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Economic contribution The energy in
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Table 1.2: Australia’s energy pro
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Energy consumption Australia’s en
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Figure 1.5: Australia’s energy ex
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Box 1: Energy flows through the Aus
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Figure 1.9: Energy trade insight Au
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Overview Energy can be extracted or
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Map 2.1: Australia’s energy resou
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Oil Australia has limited resources
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Uranium Australia has the world’s
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Map 2.2: Australia’s solar energy
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2.4: Australia’s wind ener
Page 36 and 37: Overview Australia consumed 5,831 p
Page 38 and 39: Table 3.1: Energy consumption, inte
Page 40 and 41: Table 3.2: Australia’s primary en
Page 42 and 43: Table 3.3: Australia’s energy con
Page 44 and 45: Table 3.5: Australia’s energy bal
Page 46 and 47: Table 3.6: Total final energy consu
Page 48 and 49: Structure of the Australian Electri
Page 50 and 51: Generation from renewable fuels con
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.2: Top 10 electricity gener
Page 54 and 55: Table 4.3: Australia’s principal
Page 56 and 57: Energy efficiency improvements have
Page 58 and 59: Figure 4.5: Australian electricity
Page 60 and 61: In Queensland, Western Australia, T
Page 62 and 63: Rooftop solar panels, Sydney Austra
Page 64 and 65: Overview In Australia, renewable en
Page 66 and 67: Table 5.1: Australia’s renewable
Page 68 and 69: Electricity generation Around 44 pe
Page 70 and 71: The location of renewable energy pr
Page 72 and 73: Solar energy Solar has been the mos
Page 74 and 75: Table 5.4: Australia’s solar PV e
Page 76 and 77: Coal being loaded onto a ship, Newc
Page 78 and 79: Overview Australia is the fourth la
Page 80 and 81: Figure 6.2: Australia’s black coa
Page 82 and 83: Table 6.1: Australia’s coal consu
Page 86 and 87: Low emissions coal Burning fossil f
Page 88 and 89: Overview Gas — conventional and u
Page 90 and 91: In 2014-15 coal seam gas production
Page 92 and 93: Figure 7.2: Australia’s gas produ
Page 94 and 95: Table 7.2: Gas consumption, by stat
Page 96 and 97: Figure 7.6: Australia’s gas marke
Page 98 and 99: Map 7.2: Australian LNG trade by ma
Page 100 and 101: Prices The majority of Australian L
Page 102 and 103: Figure 7.9: Retail household gas pr
Page 104 and 105: Overview Australia produces a range
Page 106 and 107: Figure 8.2: Australia’s primary p
Page 108 and 109: Figure 8.3: Australia’s refinery
Page 110 and 111: Figure 8.5: Australia’s refined p
Page 112 and 113: Table 8.4: Australia’s diesel con
Page 114 and 115: Figure 8.9: Australia’s energy co
Page 116 and 117: Figure 8.11: Australia’s petroleu
Page 118 and 119: Table 8.6: Australia’s petroleum
Page 120 and 121: Reserves Figure 9.1: Share of globa
Page 122 and 123: Production Figure 9.5: Energy produ
Page 124 and 125: Consumption Figure 9.9: Primary ene
Page 126 and 127: Figure 9.13: Energy imports, top 10
Page 128 and 129: Figure 9.17: Coal fired electricity
Page 130 and 131: Prices Figure 9.21: OECD household
Page 132 and 133: Figure 9.23: OECD diesel prices, 20
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Table A.2: Conversion between units
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Table A5: Gross energy content of g
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Energy in Australia

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