Building Services Engineering 5th Edition Handbook

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Heating 93 Gas supply Electricity control cable Control valve and bumber To centrifugal vacuum pump Combustion chamber Reflective shield 4.11 Overhead industrial radiant tube heating system. 65 mm steel pipe, emits infrared radiation Warm air Recirculated room air is heated either directly or indirectly by the energy source. Direct firing of combustion gases into the air is permissible only in large well-ventilated factory premises. All other applications require a fuel-to-air heat exchanger where the combustion products are enclosed in a sheet metal passageway. Room air is passed over the outside of this heating surface. Heated air is passed through ducts to the occupied space. It is diffused into the room through a grille, which mixes it with room air convection currents and avoids draughts. Each grille has a damper to regulate the air flow. Extract grilles and ductwork return the air to the heater. Care is needed not to extract air directly from kitchens and bathrooms, as this would lead to odours and condensation in living areas. The main advantage of warm-air systems is quick heating up and response to thermostatic control. A source of radiant heat is needed in the sitting room to complement the otherwise purely convective heating. A typical domestic installation is shown in Fig. 4.12, where the heater is fitted in a cupboard which is centrally located with respect to all the rooms. Stub ducts are used to connect the heater to the supply and recirculation grilles. Hot-water heating The basic arrangements of the various hot-water heating systems are shown in Figs. 4.13–4.16. Hot-water heating systems are classified by the temperature and pressure at which they operate (Table 4.1). The pump position relative to the cold feed and vent pipe connections is important in systems with an open expansion tank. The water pressure rise across the pump can be considerable, and if the arrangement is incorrect water can be pumped up the vent pipe and discharged into the open tank. The connection of the cold-feed pipe to the circulation system is known as the neutral point, Fig. 4.18. It is here that the water pressure is always equal to the static height of water above it, with the pump exerting no additional pressure. A satisfactory arrangement is shown in Fig. 4.18. The hydraulic gradient shows the variation of total water pressure throughout the circulation, that is, the sum of the static head and the pump head, some of which generates suction pressure between the neutral point and the pump inlet.
94 Heating Flue Return air plenum First floor Return air grille Compartment ventilation Compartment door, fireresistant Downflow warm-air heater Compartment ventilation Warm-air grille Ground floor 4.12 Ducted gas-fired warm-air heater installation. Overflow Main Feed and expansion tank Vent Cold feed Radiator Boiler Pump 4.13 Low-temperature hot-water one-pipe heating system. The design of a pumped heating system is approached in the following way. 1. Calculate room heat losses. 2. Decide radiator and convector positions and then their sizes from manufacturers’ literature. 3. Calculate the water flow rate for each heat emitter. 4. Design the pipework layout. 5. Mark the water flow rates on the pipework drawing and add them up all the way back to the boiler from the furthest heater, marking the drawing with each value.
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Building Services Engineering
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Building Services Engineering Fifth
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Contents Preface to fifth edition A
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Contents vii Sick building syndrome
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Contents ix Circuit design 294 Cabl
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Preface to fifth edition Building S
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Acknowledgements I am particularly
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Units and constants xv Table 2 Mult
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Symbols xvii Symbol Description Uni
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Symbols xix Symbol Description Unit
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2 Built environment Introduction Th
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4 Built environment Ventilation The
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6 Built environment (a) At full occ
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8 Built environment Table 1.2 Compa
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10 Built environment Because of the
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12 Built environment Visual display
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14 Built environment v = 7 m/s t a
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16 Built environment 1.4 Sling psyc
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18 Built environment 1.7 Thermistor
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20 Built environment t res = t g (1
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22 Built environment great care wit
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24 Built environment 16. An hotel l
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26 Built environment 37. Are any of
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28 Built environment building has a
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30 Built environment 73. What was t
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32 Energy economics Introduction Bu
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34 Energy economics 16. air-to-air
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36 Energy economics 1 kWh = 1 kWh
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38 Energy economics 2. Heat transfe
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40 Energy economics For solid fuel
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Page 75 and 76: 54 Energy economics Table 2.11 Valu
Page 77 and 78: 56 Energy economics From Table 2.4
Page 79 and 80: 58 Energy economics 3. Minimum outs
Page 81 and 82: 3 Heat loss calculations Learning o
Page 83 and 84: 62 Heat loss calculations Table 3.1
Page 85 and 86: 64 Heat loss calculations Table 3.6
Page 87 and 88: 66 Heat loss calculations Where onl
Page 89 and 90: 68 Heat loss calculations The venti
Page 91 and 92: 70 Heat loss calculations The surro
Page 93 and 94: 72 Heat loss calculations The speci
Page 95 and 96: 74 Heat loss calculations where R m
Page 97 and 98: 76 Heat loss calculations The addit
Page 99 and 100: 78 Heat loss calculations operation
Page 101 and 102: 80 Heat loss calculations 2. The fo
Page 103 and 104: 82 Heat loss calculations internal
Page 105 and 106: 84 Heat loss calculations 27. Which
Page 107 and 108: 86 Heating Key terms and concepts a
Page 109 and 110: 88 Heating 4.2 Electrically heated
Page 111 and 112: 90 Heating Sheet steel case Removab
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Page 117 and 118: 96 Heating Table 4.1 Classification
Page 119 and 120: 98 Heating Table 4.2 Heat output fr
Page 121 and 122: 100 Heating Table 4.3 Flow of water
Page 123 and 124: 102 Heating and, maximum available
Page 125 and 126: 104 Heating This means that one vol
Page 127 and 128: 106 Heating Performance testing A r
Page 129 and 130: 108 Heating Electrical power genera
Page 131 and 132: 110 Heating Combined heat and power
Page 133 and 134: 112 Heating 3. A building energy ma
Page 135 and 136: 114 Heating Connections are made to
Page 137 and 138: 116 Heating remotely the MWh consum
Page 139 and 140: 118 Heating 13. The two-pipe heatin
Page 141 and 142: 120 Heating 27. Which is not correc
Page 143 and 144: 122 Heating 39. Which of these is t
Page 145 and 146: 124 Heating 4. Heat supplied is cha
Page 147 and 148: 126 Ventilation and air conditionin
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144 Ventilation and air conditionin
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6 Hot- and cold-water supplies Lear
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180 Hot- and cold-water supplies Wa
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182 Hot- and cold-water supplies po
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184 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ce
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186 Hot- and cold-water supplies st
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188 Hot- and cold-water supplies 0.
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190 Hot- and cold-water supplies 53
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192 Hot- and cold-water supplies an
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194 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ta
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196 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ta
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198 Hot- and cold-water supplies (a
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204 Hot- and cold-water supplies 49
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206 Soil and waste systems Introduc
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208 Soil and waste systems Open to
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210 Soil and waste systems 7. Bends
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212 Soil and waste systems The inte
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214 Soil and waste systems 40 mm wa
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216 Soil and waste systems Table 7.
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218 Soil and waste systems 50 mm ve
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220 Soil and waste systems 3. Long
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222 Surface-water drainage Table 8.
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224 Surface-water drainage Rectangu
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226 Surface-water drainage The solu
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228 Surface-water drainage 7. A PVC
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230 Below-ground drainage Design ca
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232 Below-ground drainage Manhole:
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234 Below-ground drainage From Fig.
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236 Below-ground drainage storage v
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238 Below-ground drainage 14. The f
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240 Condensation in buildings mould
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242 Condensation in buildings The w
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244 Condensation in buildings EXAMP
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246 Condensation in buildings This
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248 Condensation in buildings Tempe
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250 Condensation in buildings and,
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252 Condensation in buildings EXAMP
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254 Condensation in buildings Tempe
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256 Condensation in buildings For t
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258 Condensation in buildings 4. Ev
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11 Lighting Learning objectives Stu
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262 Lighting Table 11.1 Typical val
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264 Lighting Light sources 9 9 9 Wi
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266 Lighting Utilization factor The
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268 Lighting From Table 11.3, for a
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270 Lighting Table 11.4 Lamp data.
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272 Lighting number of lamps = 12.8
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274 Lighting 3. Sketch and describe
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276 Lighting 4. Insufficient inform
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278 Lighting 3. 800 lm/m 2 . 4. 260
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12 Gas Learning objectives Study of
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282 Gas Open to atmosphere Rubber p
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284 Gas EL = (1.25 × 34) m = 42.5
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286 Gas become exhausted. SNG will
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288 Gas are ignited and an air flow
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290 Gas 3. The pipe from a gas mete
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292 Electrical installations Key te
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294 Electrical installations curren
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296 Electrical installations 1 Volt
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298 Electrical installations power
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300 Electrical installations For1mm
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302 Electrical installations Table
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304 Electrical installations Incomi
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306 Electrical installations energi
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308 Electrical installations Starte
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310 Electrical installations Ethyle
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312 Electrical installations Test o
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314 Electrical installations Joint
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316 Electrical installations 4. 100
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318 Electrical installations 39. Wh
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320 Electrical installations 51. Wh
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322 Room acoustics 20. understand t
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324 Room acoustics pump blades and
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326 Room acoustics ceiling, Q is 4.
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328 Room acoustics Table 14.2 Solut
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330 Room acoustics Table 14.3 Fan s
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332 Room acoustics Table 14.4 Illus
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334 Room acoustics (Sound Research
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336 Room acoustics The target room
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338 Room acoustics Table 14.6 Noise
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340 Room acoustics 100 90 80 70 Sou
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342 Room acoustics 24. A forced-dra
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344 Room acoustics The room directi
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346 Room acoustics 3. Multiple sour
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348 Room acoustics 55. Which is not
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350 Fire protection computer monito
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352 Fire protection halogen gas, wh
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354 Fire protection the reach of tu
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356 Fire protection Range pipe Spri
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358 Fire protection Fire compartmen
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360 Fire protection 16. Which are c
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362 Plant and service areas Key ter
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364 Plant and service areas 2.0 1.5
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366 Plant and service areas Fuel st
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368 Plant and service areas a minim
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370 Plant and service areas An unde
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372 Plant and service areas Air cha
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374 Plant and service areas 100 mm
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376 Plant and service areas Fire co
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378 Plant and service areas Table 1
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380 Plant and service areas 11. Wha
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17 Mechanical transportation Learni
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384 Mechanical transportation Table
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386 Mechanical transportation Crowd
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388 Mechanical transportation Hydra
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390 Mechanical transportation 4. Co
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18 Question bank Learning objective
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394 Question bank 8. Which correctl
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396 Question bank 5. This building
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398 Understanding units Questions 1
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400 Understanding units 15. Which i
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402 Understanding units 29. Which o
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404 Understanding units 43. Which i
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Appendix: answers to questions Chap
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408 Appendix Chapter 3 Heat loss ca
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410 Appendix 4. 0.007469 kg H 2 O/k
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412 Appendix 32. 5 33. 5 34. 3 35.
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414 Appendix 23. Lighting 1200 h/ye
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416 Appendix 27. 37 dB. 28. 39 dB.
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418 Appendix 15. 5 16. 2 17. 5 18.
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References Action Energy, Departmen
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Index Absorption 154, 324 Absorptio
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424 Index Gas burner controls 289 G
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426 Index Sensible heat gains 137 S
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Building Services Engineering 5th Edition Handbook

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