Building Services Engineering 5th Edition Handbook

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Heating 101 return pipes. The frictional resistance of the pipe fittings amounts to 25% of the measured pipe length. Flow and return water temperatures at the boiler are to be 85 ◦ C and 72 ◦ C respectively. Each radiator is situated in a room air temperature of 20 ◦ C. The heat outputs of radiators 1, 2 and 3 are 1, 2 and 3 kW respectively. Pump C of Fig. 4.20 is to be used. Find the pipe sizes for the system. For radiator 1: q 1 = 1.1 × 1 = 0.02 kg/s 4.19 × (85 − 72) Similarly, for radiators 2 and 3: q 2 = 0.04 kg/s q 3 = 0.06 kg/s Water flow in the distribution pipework will be: q X = 0.12 kg/s q Y = 0.10 kg/s Water flow rate through the pump is: q X = 0.12 kg/s Available pump head, from Fig. 4.19, is: H = 6m Pump pressure rise is: p = 9807 × 6 N/m 2 = 58 842 N/m 2 The index circuit is from the boiler to radiator 3; thus the measured pipe length is: 2(10 + 3 + 10 + 3 + 10) m = 72 m Therefore, EL = 1.25 × 72 m = 90 m
102 Heating and, maximum available p EL 58 842 N p = 90 m × m2 EL = 58 842 90 N/m 3 =653.8 N/m 3 N m 3 Thus, from Table 4.2, using p/EL = 600 N/m 3 , the pipe sizes are: d X =15 mm d Y =15 mm d Z =15 mm Note that the pressure loss rates in pipes Y and Z are 460 N/m 3 and less than 200 N/m 3 respectively. Not all the allowable pump head of 6 m will be absorbed in pipe friction losses. A gate valve beside the pump will be partially closed to increase the resistance of the system. Each radiator has two hand wheel valves, one for temporary adjustments by the occupant and the other for flow regulation by the commissioning engineer. Oil-firing equipment Fuel oil is graded in the Redwood no. 1 viscosity test according to its time of flow through a calibrated orifice at 38 ◦ C. Vaporizing and wall-flame burners in boilers of up to 35 kW heat output use 28 s oil, pressure jet burners use gas oil class D (35 s), and industrial boiler plant uses grade E (250 s), grade F (1000 s) and grade G (3500 s). Power stations may use 6000 s residual oil, heated to make it flow. This is the tar residue from crude oil distillation and can only be burnt economically on such a large scale. Figure 4.21 shows a typical domestic oil storage and pipeline installation. In the UK domestic oils can be stored in outdoor tanks. Grades E, F and G require immersion heaters in the tank and pipeline heating to ensure flow. Flue terminal Manhole Oil tank Vent Fill Fusible link in wire Contents gauge Oil filter Vent grilles Drain Concrete block piers Oil pipe Deadweight cut-off valve 4.21 Oil storage tank installation. Oil-fired boiler and burner Plinth
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Building Services Engineering
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Building Services Engineering Fifth
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Contents Preface to fifth edition A
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Contents vii Sick building syndrome
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Contents ix Circuit design 294 Cabl
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Preface to fifth edition Building S
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Acknowledgements I am particularly
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Units and constants xv Table 2 Mult
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Symbols xvii Symbol Description Uni
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Symbols xix Symbol Description Unit
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2 Built environment Introduction Th
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4 Built environment Ventilation The
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6 Built environment (a) At full occ
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8 Built environment Table 1.2 Compa
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10 Built environment Because of the
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12 Built environment Visual display
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14 Built environment v = 7 m/s t a
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16 Built environment 1.4 Sling psyc
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18 Built environment 1.7 Thermistor
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20 Built environment t res = t g (1
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22 Built environment great care wit
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24 Built environment 16. An hotel l
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26 Built environment 37. Are any of
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28 Built environment building has a
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30 Built environment 73. What was t
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32 Energy economics Introduction Bu
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34 Energy economics 16. air-to-air
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36 Energy economics 1 kWh = 1 kWh
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38 Energy economics 2. Heat transfe
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40 Energy economics For solid fuel
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42 Energy economics gas cost = 1.80
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44 Energy economics Table 2.5 Carbo
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46 Energy economics EXAMPLE 2.8 A h
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48 Energy economics annual cost = u
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Page 77 and 78: 56 Energy economics From Table 2.4
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Page 81 and 82: 3 Heat loss calculations Learning o
Page 83 and 84: 62 Heat loss calculations Table 3.1
Page 85 and 86: 64 Heat loss calculations Table 3.6
Page 87 and 88: 66 Heat loss calculations Where onl
Page 89 and 90: 68 Heat loss calculations The venti
Page 91 and 92: 70 Heat loss calculations The surro
Page 93 and 94: 72 Heat loss calculations The speci
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Page 97 and 98: 76 Heat loss calculations The addit
Page 99 and 100: 78 Heat loss calculations operation
Page 101 and 102: 80 Heat loss calculations 2. The fo
Page 103 and 104: 82 Heat loss calculations internal
Page 105 and 106: 84 Heat loss calculations 27. Which
Page 107 and 108: 86 Heating Key terms and concepts a
Page 109 and 110: 88 Heating 4.2 Electrically heated
Page 111 and 112: 90 Heating Sheet steel case Removab
Page 113 and 114: 92 Heating Floor finish Screed with
Page 115 and 116: 94 Heating Flue Return air plenum F
Page 117 and 118: 96 Heating Table 4.1 Classification
Page 119 and 120: 98 Heating Table 4.2 Heat output fr
Page 121: 100 Heating Table 4.3 Flow of water
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Page 127 and 128: 106 Heating Performance testing A r
Page 129 and 130: 108 Heating Electrical power genera
Page 131 and 132: 110 Heating Combined heat and power
Page 133 and 134: 112 Heating 3. A building energy ma
Page 135 and 136: 114 Heating Connections are made to
Page 137 and 138: 116 Heating remotely the MWh consum
Page 139 and 140: 118 Heating 13. The two-pipe heatin
Page 141 and 142: 120 Heating 27. Which is not correc
Page 143 and 144: 122 Heating 39. Which of these is t
Page 145 and 146: 124 Heating 4. Heat supplied is cha
Page 147 and 148: 126 Ventilation and air conditionin
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152 Ventilation and air conditionin
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6 Hot- and cold-water supplies Lear
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180 Hot- and cold-water supplies Wa
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182 Hot- and cold-water supplies po
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184 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ce
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186 Hot- and cold-water supplies st
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188 Hot- and cold-water supplies 0.
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190 Hot- and cold-water supplies 53
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192 Hot- and cold-water supplies an
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194 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ta
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196 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ta
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198 Hot- and cold-water supplies (a
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204 Hot- and cold-water supplies 49
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206 Soil and waste systems Introduc
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208 Soil and waste systems Open to
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210 Soil and waste systems 7. Bends
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212 Soil and waste systems The inte
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214 Soil and waste systems 40 mm wa
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216 Soil and waste systems Table 7.
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218 Soil and waste systems 50 mm ve
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220 Soil and waste systems 3. Long
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222 Surface-water drainage Table 8.
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224 Surface-water drainage Rectangu
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226 Surface-water drainage The solu
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228 Surface-water drainage 7. A PVC
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230 Below-ground drainage Design ca
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232 Below-ground drainage Manhole:
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234 Below-ground drainage From Fig.
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236 Below-ground drainage storage v
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238 Below-ground drainage 14. The f
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240 Condensation in buildings mould
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242 Condensation in buildings The w
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244 Condensation in buildings EXAMP
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246 Condensation in buildings This
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248 Condensation in buildings Tempe
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250 Condensation in buildings and,
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252 Condensation in buildings EXAMP
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254 Condensation in buildings Tempe
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256 Condensation in buildings For t
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258 Condensation in buildings 4. Ev
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11 Lighting Learning objectives Stu
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262 Lighting Table 11.1 Typical val
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264 Lighting Light sources 9 9 9 Wi
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266 Lighting Utilization factor The
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268 Lighting From Table 11.3, for a
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270 Lighting Table 11.4 Lamp data.
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272 Lighting number of lamps = 12.8
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274 Lighting 3. Sketch and describe
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276 Lighting 4. Insufficient inform
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278 Lighting 3. 800 lm/m 2 . 4. 260
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12 Gas Learning objectives Study of
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282 Gas Open to atmosphere Rubber p
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284 Gas EL = (1.25 × 34) m = 42.5
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286 Gas become exhausted. SNG will
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288 Gas are ignited and an air flow
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290 Gas 3. The pipe from a gas mete
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292 Electrical installations Key te
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294 Electrical installations curren
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296 Electrical installations 1 Volt
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298 Electrical installations power
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300 Electrical installations For1mm
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302 Electrical installations Table
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304 Electrical installations Incomi
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306 Electrical installations energi
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308 Electrical installations Starte
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310 Electrical installations Ethyle
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312 Electrical installations Test o
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314 Electrical installations Joint
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316 Electrical installations 4. 100
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318 Electrical installations 39. Wh
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320 Electrical installations 51. Wh
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322 Room acoustics 20. understand t
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324 Room acoustics pump blades and
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326 Room acoustics ceiling, Q is 4.
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328 Room acoustics Table 14.2 Solut
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330 Room acoustics Table 14.3 Fan s
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332 Room acoustics Table 14.4 Illus
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334 Room acoustics (Sound Research
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336 Room acoustics The target room
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338 Room acoustics Table 14.6 Noise
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340 Room acoustics 100 90 80 70 Sou
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342 Room acoustics 24. A forced-dra
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344 Room acoustics The room directi
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346 Room acoustics 3. Multiple sour
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348 Room acoustics 55. Which is not
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350 Fire protection computer monito
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352 Fire protection halogen gas, wh
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354 Fire protection the reach of tu
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356 Fire protection Range pipe Spri
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358 Fire protection Fire compartmen
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360 Fire protection 16. Which are c
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362 Plant and service areas Key ter
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364 Plant and service areas 2.0 1.5
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366 Plant and service areas Fuel st
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368 Plant and service areas a minim
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370 Plant and service areas An unde
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372 Plant and service areas Air cha
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374 Plant and service areas 100 mm
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376 Plant and service areas Fire co
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378 Plant and service areas Table 1
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380 Plant and service areas 11. Wha
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17 Mechanical transportation Learni
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384 Mechanical transportation Table
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386 Mechanical transportation Crowd
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388 Mechanical transportation Hydra
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390 Mechanical transportation 4. Co
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18 Question bank Learning objective
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394 Question bank 8. Which correctl
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396 Question bank 5. This building
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398 Understanding units Questions 1
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400 Understanding units 15. Which i
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402 Understanding units 29. Which o
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404 Understanding units 43. Which i
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Appendix: answers to questions Chap
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408 Appendix Chapter 3 Heat loss ca
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410 Appendix 4. 0.007469 kg H 2 O/k
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412 Appendix 32. 5 33. 5 34. 3 35.
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414 Appendix 23. Lighting 1200 h/ye
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416 Appendix 27. 37 dB. 28. 39 dB.
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418 Appendix 15. 5 16. 2 17. 5 18.
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References Action Energy, Departmen
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Index Absorption 154, 324 Absorptio
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424 Index Gas burner controls 289 G
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426 Index Sensible heat gains 137 S
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