Building Services Engineering 5th Edition Handbook

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Plant and service areas 377 Airtight flexible connector Airtight flexible connector Sound attenuator Rubber or spring mountings Conduit Concrete machine base Belt drive in a wire cage 16.14 Flexible connections to an air-conditioning fan. Armoured flexible conduit Three-phase 415 V motor on a vibration isolating pad Fan isolating and starter switch Air distribution zone Electrical Piped water services and drains Piped gas False ceiling Removable panel 16.15 Service zones in a false ceiling over a corridor. Coordinated service drawings A master set of all service drawings is maintained under the overall charge of a coordinating engineer for the project (Crawshaw, 1976). Drawings and a schedule of builder’s work associated with the services are circulated round the construction team. The structural engineering implications of holes through floors and beams are checked at an early stage. Service space allocation is made on the basis of zones for particular equipment within structural shafts and false ceilings. Each engineering service is restricted to its own zone. Common areas are provided for branches, as shown in Fig. 16.15.
378 Plant and service areas Table 16.3 Minimum free areas of ventilation openings for combustion appliances for outdoor air per kilowatt of heat output. Position of opening Minimum free area (mm 2 ) Conventionally flued Balanced flue High level 550 550 Low level 1100 550 Boiler room ventilation Combustion appliances must have an adequate supply of outdoor air, otherwise the fuel will not burn properly and carbon monoxide will be produced. Under down-draught conditions, this will be a danger to occupants. Fatalities have occurred through improper appliance operation. Good installation practice is to introduce combustion air so that it does not cause a nuisance through draught, noise or poor appearance. Heat and fumes produced by the appliance are ventilated to outdoors through high-level openings. Any room containing a fuel-burning appliance may be positively supplied with ventilation air by a fan if this is needed for some other purpose. An extract fan must not be used, as combustion products can be drawn into the occupied room. Natural inlet and outlet ventilation is predominant. The combustion air inlet for a domestic kitchen or living area can be (CIBSE, 1973): 1. through an external wall, just below ceiling level, to enable the incoming cold air to diffuse with the room air above head height; this avoids most draughts and occasional blockage by snow or debris; 2. through an external wall at low level behind a hot-water radiator or other heat emitter; a frost thermostat switches on the heating system at an internal air temperature of 5 ◦ C; 3. by direct connection of the combustion air from outside to the appliance casing, locality or enclosing cupboard with an under floor duct. Two suitably sized air bricks are fitted into the external walls of a suspended timber floor on opposite sides of the building. Either a duct connection between the appliance casing and the floor space or a ventilation grille is put into the floor by the heater. A drain pipe or galvanized steel duct can be cast into a concrete floor slab for this purpose. An appliance of up to 30 kW heat output may be fitted within a compartment, which is ventilated to an adjoining room, which in turn is ventilated to outdoors by the stated openings. Recommended ventilation openings are given in Table 16.3. Questions 1. List the principal information and activities involved in the provision of main services throughout a housing estate. 2. Sketch a suitable arrangement for the services beneath the public highway and leading into a dwelling. Show the recommended dimensions and explain how the ground is to be reinstated.
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Building Services Engineering
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Building Services Engineering Fifth
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Contents Preface to fifth edition A
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Contents vii Sick building syndrome
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Contents ix Circuit design 294 Cabl
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Preface to fifth edition Building S
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Acknowledgements I am particularly
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Units and constants xv Table 2 Mult
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Symbols xvii Symbol Description Uni
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Symbols xix Symbol Description Unit
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2 Built environment Introduction Th
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4 Built environment Ventilation The
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6 Built environment (a) At full occ
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8 Built environment Table 1.2 Compa
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10 Built environment Because of the
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12 Built environment Visual display
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14 Built environment v = 7 m/s t a
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16 Built environment 1.4 Sling psyc
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18 Built environment 1.7 Thermistor
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20 Built environment t res = t g (1
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22 Built environment great care wit
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24 Built environment 16. An hotel l
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26 Built environment 37. Are any of
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28 Built environment building has a
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30 Built environment 73. What was t
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32 Energy economics Introduction Bu
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34 Energy economics 16. air-to-air
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36 Energy economics 1 kWh = 1 kWh
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38 Energy economics 2. Heat transfe
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40 Energy economics For solid fuel
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42 Energy economics gas cost = 1.80
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44 Energy economics Table 2.5 Carbo
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46 Energy economics EXAMPLE 2.8 A h
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48 Energy economics annual cost = u
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50 Energy economics EXAMPLE 2.12 Ex
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52 Energy economics l = 0.035 ( 1 0
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54 Energy economics Table 2.11 Valu
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56 Energy economics From Table 2.4
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58 Energy economics 3. Minimum outs
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3 Heat loss calculations Learning o
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62 Heat loss calculations Table 3.1
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64 Heat loss calculations Table 3.6
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66 Heat loss calculations Where onl
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68 Heat loss calculations The venti
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70 Heat loss calculations The surro
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72 Heat loss calculations The speci
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74 Heat loss calculations where R m
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76 Heat loss calculations The addit
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78 Heat loss calculations operation
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80 Heat loss calculations 2. The fo
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82 Heat loss calculations internal
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84 Heat loss calculations 27. Which
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86 Heating Key terms and concepts a
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88 Heating 4.2 Electrically heated
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90 Heating Sheet steel case Removab
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92 Heating Floor finish Screed with
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94 Heating Flue Return air plenum F
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96 Heating Table 4.1 Classification
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98 Heating Table 4.2 Heat output fr
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100 Heating Table 4.3 Flow of water
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102 Heating and, maximum available
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104 Heating This means that one vol
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106 Heating Performance testing A r
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108 Heating Electrical power genera
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110 Heating Combined heat and power
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112 Heating 3. A building energy ma
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114 Heating Connections are made to
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116 Heating remotely the MWh consum
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118 Heating 13. The two-pipe heatin
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120 Heating 27. Which is not correc
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122 Heating 39. Which of these is t
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124 Heating 4. Heat supplied is cha
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126 Ventilation and air conditionin
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6 Hot- and cold-water supplies Lear
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180 Hot- and cold-water supplies Wa
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182 Hot- and cold-water supplies po
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184 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ce
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186 Hot- and cold-water supplies st
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188 Hot- and cold-water supplies 0.
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190 Hot- and cold-water supplies 53
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192 Hot- and cold-water supplies an
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194 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ta
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196 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ta
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198 Hot- and cold-water supplies (a
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204 Hot- and cold-water supplies 49
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206 Soil and waste systems Introduc
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208 Soil and waste systems Open to
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210 Soil and waste systems 7. Bends
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212 Soil and waste systems The inte
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214 Soil and waste systems 40 mm wa
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216 Soil and waste systems Table 7.
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218 Soil and waste systems 50 mm ve
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220 Soil and waste systems 3. Long
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222 Surface-water drainage Table 8.
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224 Surface-water drainage Rectangu
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226 Surface-water drainage The solu
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228 Surface-water drainage 7. A PVC
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230 Below-ground drainage Design ca
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232 Below-ground drainage Manhole:
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234 Below-ground drainage From Fig.
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236 Below-ground drainage storage v
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238 Below-ground drainage 14. The f
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240 Condensation in buildings mould
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242 Condensation in buildings The w
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244 Condensation in buildings EXAMP
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246 Condensation in buildings This
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248 Condensation in buildings Tempe
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250 Condensation in buildings and,
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252 Condensation in buildings EXAMP
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254 Condensation in buildings Tempe
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256 Condensation in buildings For t
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258 Condensation in buildings 4. Ev
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11 Lighting Learning objectives Stu
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262 Lighting Table 11.1 Typical val
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264 Lighting Light sources 9 9 9 Wi
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266 Lighting Utilization factor The
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268 Lighting From Table 11.3, for a
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270 Lighting Table 11.4 Lamp data.
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272 Lighting number of lamps = 12.8
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274 Lighting 3. Sketch and describe
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276 Lighting 4. Insufficient inform
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278 Lighting 3. 800 lm/m 2 . 4. 260
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12 Gas Learning objectives Study of
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282 Gas Open to atmosphere Rubber p
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284 Gas EL = (1.25 × 34) m = 42.5
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286 Gas become exhausted. SNG will
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288 Gas are ignited and an air flow
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290 Gas 3. The pipe from a gas mete
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292 Electrical installations Key te
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294 Electrical installations curren
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296 Electrical installations 1 Volt
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298 Electrical installations power
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300 Electrical installations For1mm
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302 Electrical installations Table
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304 Electrical installations Incomi
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306 Electrical installations energi
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308 Electrical installations Starte
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310 Electrical installations Ethyle
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312 Electrical installations Test o
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314 Electrical installations Joint
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316 Electrical installations 4. 100
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318 Electrical installations 39. Wh
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320 Electrical installations 51. Wh
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322 Room acoustics 20. understand t
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324 Room acoustics pump blades and
Page 347 and 348: 326 Room acoustics ceiling, Q is 4.
Page 349 and 350: 328 Room acoustics Table 14.2 Solut
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Page 355 and 356: 334 Room acoustics (Sound Research
Page 357 and 358: 336 Room acoustics The target room
Page 359 and 360: 338 Room acoustics Table 14.6 Noise
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Page 363 and 364: 342 Room acoustics 24. A forced-dra
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Page 367 and 368: 346 Room acoustics 3. Multiple sour
Page 369 and 370: 348 Room acoustics 55. Which is not
Page 371 and 372: 350 Fire protection computer monito
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Page 379 and 380: 358 Fire protection Fire compartmen
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Page 383 and 384: 362 Plant and service areas Key ter
Page 385 and 386: 364 Plant and service areas 2.0 1.5
Page 387 and 388: 366 Plant and service areas Fuel st
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Page 395 and 396: 374 Plant and service areas 100 mm
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Page 403 and 404: 17 Mechanical transportation Learni
Page 405 and 406: 384 Mechanical transportation Table
Page 407 and 408: 386 Mechanical transportation Crowd
Page 409 and 410: 388 Mechanical transportation Hydra
Page 411 and 412: 390 Mechanical transportation 4. Co
Page 413 and 414: 18 Question bank Learning objective
Page 415 and 416: 394 Question bank 8. Which correctl
Page 417 and 418: 396 Question bank 5. This building
Page 419 and 420: 398 Understanding units Questions 1
Page 421 and 422: 400 Understanding units 15. Which i
Page 423 and 424: 402 Understanding units 29. Which o
Page 425 and 426: 404 Understanding units 43. Which i
Page 427 and 428: Appendix: answers to questions Chap
Page 429 and 430: 408 Appendix Chapter 3 Heat loss ca
Page 431 and 432: 410 Appendix 4. 0.007469 kg H 2 O/k
Page 433 and 434: 412 Appendix 32. 5 33. 5 34. 3 35.
Page 435 and 436: 414 Appendix 23. Lighting 1200 h/ye
Page 437 and 438: 416 Appendix 27. 37 dB. 28. 39 dB.
Page 439 and 440: 418 Appendix 15. 5 16. 2 17. 5 18.
Page 441 and 442: References Action Energy, Departmen
Page 443 and 444: Index Absorption 154, 324 Absorptio
Page 445 and 446: 424 Index Gas burner controls 289 G
Page 447 and 448: 426 Index Sensible heat gains 137 S
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