Building Services Engineering 5th Edition Handbook

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Electrical installations 307 Electrical distribution within a building The incoming cable, residual current device and meter are the property of the electricity supply authority. Underground cables are at a depth of 760 mm under roads, and enter the building through a large radius service duct of 100 mm internal diameter. A drainpipe can be used for this purpose, laid through the foundations and rising directly to the meter compartment. External meter compartments can be used. The meter should not be exposed to damp or hot conditions and the electricity supply authority’s advice should be sought. Figure 13.9 shows a distribution system for a dwelling. Each circuit has a fuse or circuit-breaker and the fused distribution board connects the neutral and earth protective conductors to the supply cable. Appliances have a cartridge fuse at their connecting plug. Three-phase distribution in a large building is shown in Fig. 13.10. Switches are used to enable separation of individual circuits as well as appliances. A fuse or circuit-breaker is always fitted on the live line so that the incoming current is disconnected. Power socket outlets are fitted into a ring circuit as shown in Fig. 13.11. Care must be taken not to overload the circuit by connecting appliances whose total current consumption would exceed the 30 A limit, particularly in kitchens. Types of cable used in distribution systems are as follows. PVC-insulated and -sheathed PVC-insulated and -sheathed cables consist of copper conductors of multi-stranded or solid wire having sizes from 1 to 16 mm 2 cross-sectional area. Single-, twin- or three-core cables, with or without earth wires, are used. They are among the cheapest cables available and can be pulled through conduits, trunking or holes bored in floor joists. Such holes are drilled 50 mm below the Lighting Consumers main switch and residual current device, 30 mA trip, 60 A current capacity Power points Immersion heater Cooker Meter N L LN 60 A residual current device, sealed by electricity supply authority LN E Incoming electrical supply cable LN Gas service Water main 5A L 30 A 15 A 30 A N E <strong>Services</strong> bonded to electrical earth 13.9 Domestic electricity distribution. NE Fused distribution board Earth terminal Neutral terminal
308 Electrical installations Starter switch Motor Heating circuits distribution board Lighting circuits distribution board Power circuits distribution board L1 L2 L3 N 60 A triple-pole and neutral 60 A triple-pole and neutral E HRC fuses 100 A Triple-pole and neutral isolator 300 A capacity bus bar chamber Triple-pole and neutral isolator 13.10 Three-phase electricity distribution. + +++ L1 L2 L3 N E From electricity supply authorities meter and residual current device, three-phase four-wire and earth cable 30 A fuse L L N L L L N Socket outlet E L N E N E Fused distribution board L N E N E L E E N L N E E L N L 13.11 Ring main to socket outlets. floorboards. Ambient temperature limits for the cable are 0–65 ◦ C and the cable must not exceed 70 ◦ C in use. Colour coding of the insulation ensures correct polarity at terminals. The earth, or protective conductor, is always green, neutral is always black and the line conductor is red on single-phase. Three-phase line conductors are one red, one yellow and one blue. PVC is a flexible, non-hygroscopic, tough, durable, corrosion-resistant and chemically inert material, which is used for both electrical insulation and conduits. Installations are tested for
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Building Services Engineering
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Building Services Engineering Fifth
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Contents Preface to fifth edition A
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Contents vii Sick building syndrome
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Contents ix Circuit design 294 Cabl
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Preface to fifth edition Building S
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Acknowledgements I am particularly
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Units and constants xv Table 2 Mult
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Symbols xvii Symbol Description Uni
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Symbols xix Symbol Description Unit
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2 Built environment Introduction Th
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4 Built environment Ventilation The
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6 Built environment (a) At full occ
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8 Built environment Table 1.2 Compa
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10 Built environment Because of the
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12 Built environment Visual display
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14 Built environment v = 7 m/s t a
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16 Built environment 1.4 Sling psyc
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18 Built environment 1.7 Thermistor
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20 Built environment t res = t g (1
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22 Built environment great care wit
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24 Built environment 16. An hotel l
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26 Built environment 37. Are any of
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28 Built environment building has a
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30 Built environment 73. What was t
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32 Energy economics Introduction Bu
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34 Energy economics 16. air-to-air
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36 Energy economics 1 kWh = 1 kWh
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38 Energy economics 2. Heat transfe
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40 Energy economics For solid fuel
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42 Energy economics gas cost = 1.80
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44 Energy economics Table 2.5 Carbo
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46 Energy economics EXAMPLE 2.8 A h
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48 Energy economics annual cost = u
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50 Energy economics EXAMPLE 2.12 Ex
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52 Energy economics l = 0.035 ( 1 0
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54 Energy economics Table 2.11 Valu
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56 Energy economics From Table 2.4
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58 Energy economics 3. Minimum outs
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3 Heat loss calculations Learning o
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62 Heat loss calculations Table 3.1
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64 Heat loss calculations Table 3.6
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66 Heat loss calculations Where onl
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68 Heat loss calculations The venti
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70 Heat loss calculations The surro
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72 Heat loss calculations The speci
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74 Heat loss calculations where R m
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76 Heat loss calculations The addit
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78 Heat loss calculations operation
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80 Heat loss calculations 2. The fo
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82 Heat loss calculations internal
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84 Heat loss calculations 27. Which
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86 Heating Key terms and concepts a
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88 Heating 4.2 Electrically heated
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90 Heating Sheet steel case Removab
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92 Heating Floor finish Screed with
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94 Heating Flue Return air plenum F
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96 Heating Table 4.1 Classification
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98 Heating Table 4.2 Heat output fr
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100 Heating Table 4.3 Flow of water
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102 Heating and, maximum available
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104 Heating This means that one vol
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106 Heating Performance testing A r
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108 Heating Electrical power genera
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110 Heating Combined heat and power
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112 Heating 3. A building energy ma
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114 Heating Connections are made to
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116 Heating remotely the MWh consum
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118 Heating 13. The two-pipe heatin
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120 Heating 27. Which is not correc
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122 Heating 39. Which of these is t
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124 Heating 4. Heat supplied is cha
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126 Ventilation and air conditionin
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6 Hot- and cold-water supplies Lear
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180 Hot- and cold-water supplies Wa
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182 Hot- and cold-water supplies po
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184 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ce
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186 Hot- and cold-water supplies st
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188 Hot- and cold-water supplies 0.
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190 Hot- and cold-water supplies 53
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192 Hot- and cold-water supplies an
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194 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ta
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196 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ta
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198 Hot- and cold-water supplies (a
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204 Hot- and cold-water supplies 49
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206 Soil and waste systems Introduc
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208 Soil and waste systems Open to
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210 Soil and waste systems 7. Bends
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212 Soil and waste systems The inte
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214 Soil and waste systems 40 mm wa
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216 Soil and waste systems Table 7.
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218 Soil and waste systems 50 mm ve
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220 Soil and waste systems 3. Long
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222 Surface-water drainage Table 8.
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224 Surface-water drainage Rectangu
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226 Surface-water drainage The solu
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228 Surface-water drainage 7. A PVC
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230 Below-ground drainage Design ca
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232 Below-ground drainage Manhole:
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234 Below-ground drainage From Fig.
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236 Below-ground drainage storage v
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238 Below-ground drainage 14. The f
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240 Condensation in buildings mould
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242 Condensation in buildings The w
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244 Condensation in buildings EXAMP
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246 Condensation in buildings This
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248 Condensation in buildings Tempe
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250 Condensation in buildings and,
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252 Condensation in buildings EXAMP
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254 Condensation in buildings Tempe
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Page 279 and 280: 258 Condensation in buildings 4. Ev
Page 281 and 282: 11 Lighting Learning objectives Stu
Page 283 and 284: 262 Lighting Table 11.1 Typical val
Page 285 and 286: 264 Lighting Light sources 9 9 9 Wi
Page 287 and 288: 266 Lighting Utilization factor The
Page 289 and 290: 268 Lighting From Table 11.3, for a
Page 291 and 292: 270 Lighting Table 11.4 Lamp data.
Page 293 and 294: 272 Lighting number of lamps = 12.8
Page 295 and 296: 274 Lighting 3. Sketch and describe
Page 297 and 298: 276 Lighting 4. Insufficient inform
Page 299 and 300: 278 Lighting 3. 800 lm/m 2 . 4. 260
Page 301 and 302: 12 Gas Learning objectives Study of
Page 303 and 304: 282 Gas Open to atmosphere Rubber p
Page 305 and 306: 284 Gas EL = (1.25 × 34) m = 42.5
Page 307 and 308: 286 Gas become exhausted. SNG will
Page 309 and 310: 288 Gas are ignited and an air flow
Page 311 and 312: 290 Gas 3. The pipe from a gas mete
Page 313 and 314: 292 Electrical installations Key te
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Page 319 and 320: 298 Electrical installations power
Page 321 and 322: 300 Electrical installations For1mm
Page 323 and 324: 302 Electrical installations Table
Page 325 and 326: 304 Electrical installations Incomi
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Page 331 and 332: 310 Electrical installations Ethyle
Page 333 and 334: 312 Electrical installations Test o
Page 335 and 336: 314 Electrical installations Joint
Page 337 and 338: 316 Electrical installations 4. 100
Page 339 and 340: 318 Electrical installations 39. Wh
Page 341 and 342: 320 Electrical installations 51. Wh
Page 343 and 344: 322 Room acoustics 20. understand t
Page 345 and 346: 324 Room acoustics pump blades and
Page 347 and 348: 326 Room acoustics ceiling, Q is 4.
Page 349 and 350: 328 Room acoustics Table 14.2 Solut
Page 351 and 352: 330 Room acoustics Table 14.3 Fan s
Page 353 and 354: 332 Room acoustics Table 14.4 Illus
Page 355 and 356: 334 Room acoustics (Sound Research
Page 357 and 358: 336 Room acoustics The target room
Page 359 and 360: 338 Room acoustics Table 14.6 Noise
Page 361 and 362: 340 Room acoustics 100 90 80 70 Sou
Page 363 and 364: 342 Room acoustics 24. A forced-dra
Page 365 and 366: 344 Room acoustics The room directi
Page 367 and 368: 346 Room acoustics 3. Multiple sour
Page 369 and 370: 348 Room acoustics 55. Which is not
Page 371 and 372: 350 Fire protection computer monito
Page 373 and 374: 352 Fire protection halogen gas, wh
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Page 377 and 378: 356 Fire protection Range pipe Spri
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358 Fire protection Fire compartmen
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360 Fire protection 16. Which are c
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362 Plant and service areas Key ter
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364 Plant and service areas 2.0 1.5
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366 Plant and service areas Fuel st
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368 Plant and service areas a minim
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370 Plant and service areas An unde
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372 Plant and service areas Air cha
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374 Plant and service areas 100 mm
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376 Plant and service areas Fire co
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378 Plant and service areas Table 1
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380 Plant and service areas 11. Wha
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17 Mechanical transportation Learni
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384 Mechanical transportation Table
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386 Mechanical transportation Crowd
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388 Mechanical transportation Hydra
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390 Mechanical transportation 4. Co
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18 Question bank Learning objective
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394 Question bank 8. Which correctl
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396 Question bank 5. This building
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398 Understanding units Questions 1
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400 Understanding units 15. Which i
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402 Understanding units 29. Which o
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404 Understanding units 43. Which i
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Appendix: answers to questions Chap
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408 Appendix Chapter 3 Heat loss ca
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410 Appendix 4. 0.007469 kg H 2 O/k
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412 Appendix 32. 5 33. 5 34. 3 35.
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414 Appendix 23. Lighting 1200 h/ye
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416 Appendix 27. 37 dB. 28. 39 dB.
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418 Appendix 15. 5 16. 2 17. 5 18.
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References Action Energy, Departmen
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Index Absorption 154, 324 Absorptio
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424 Index Gas burner controls 289 G
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426 Index Sensible heat gains 137 S
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