Building Services Engineering 5th Edition Handbook

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Heating 109 12% Flue High-pressure steam Turbine Three-phase 50 Hz 30% Fuel 100% Alternator Boiler Heat exchanger Condenser District heating Pump 38% 20% Feed pump 4.27 Combined heat and power plant. Pump Cooling tower District heating District medium- or high-pressure hot-water heating, employing two-, three- or four-pipe underground distribution systems, will provide heat primarily to the largest and most consistent users, such as hospitals, factory estates and city centres. Further custom will be won from existing buildings by straight price competition. The street distribution layout is indicated in Fig. 4.28. Flow and return pipes will be well-insulated and may be installed inside one large-diameter pipe, which will form the structural duct and moisture barrier. The CHP plant generates electricity for the locality and is connected into the national grid. It should also incinerate local refuse, utilizing the heat produced, and recycle materials such as metals and glass. It will provide hot water for sanitary appliances and air conditioning and, as these will be summer as well as winter heat loads, a method of separating them from the heating system will be used. This can be done with the three- and four-pipe arrangements shown in Figs 4.29 and 4.30 to economize on pump running costs and pipe heat losses during the summer. The supply of heat to each dwelling will be controlled by an electric motorized valve, actuated by a temperature sensor in the heat exchanger, which will enable existing low-pressure hot-water systems to be connected. A heat meter, consisting of a water flow meter and flow and return temperature recorders, will continuously integrate the energy used, and quarterly bills could be issued through a directly linked computer. Medium- and high-temperature hot-water heating systems are sealed from the atmosphere. Pressurization methods involve restraining thermal expansion, charging with air or nitrogen, or making use of the static head of tall buildings. As the boiling point of water increases with increasing pressure, high flow temperatures can be used. This permits a large drop in temperature from flow to return (50 K or more), and water flow rates can be reduced compared with low-pressure hot-water open systems. Pipe sizes are smaller and the system is more economical to install when used on a large scale. District cooling from a central refrigeration plant serving air-conditioning units in commercial buildings can be developed alongside a CHP scheme. Underground chilled-water pipework will
110 Heating Combined heat and power plant Underground distribution pipework Hospital School City centre Housing estate 4.28 Medium- or high-pressure hot-water district heating system. Heat exchanger Hot-water storage indirect cylinder HWS flow Heating flow Common return 4.29 Three-pipe district heating system. District heating mains Low-pressure hot-water heating system Hot-water storage indirect cylinder Heat exchanger HWS circuit Low-pressure hot-water heating system Heating circuit 4.30 Four-pipe district heating system. District heating mains
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Building Services Engineering
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Building Services Engineering Fifth
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Contents Preface to fifth edition A
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Contents vii Sick building syndrome
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Contents ix Circuit design 294 Cabl
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Preface to fifth edition Building S
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Acknowledgements I am particularly
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Units and constants xv Table 2 Mult
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Symbols xvii Symbol Description Uni
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Symbols xix Symbol Description Unit
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2 Built environment Introduction Th
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4 Built environment Ventilation The
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6 Built environment (a) At full occ
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8 Built environment Table 1.2 Compa
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10 Built environment Because of the
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12 Built environment Visual display
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14 Built environment v = 7 m/s t a
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16 Built environment 1.4 Sling psyc
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18 Built environment 1.7 Thermistor
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20 Built environment t res = t g (1
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22 Built environment great care wit
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24 Built environment 16. An hotel l
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26 Built environment 37. Are any of
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28 Built environment building has a
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30 Built environment 73. What was t
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32 Energy economics Introduction Bu
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34 Energy economics 16. air-to-air
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36 Energy economics 1 kWh = 1 kWh
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38 Energy economics 2. Heat transfe
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40 Energy economics For solid fuel
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42 Energy economics gas cost = 1.80
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44 Energy economics Table 2.5 Carbo
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46 Energy economics EXAMPLE 2.8 A h
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48 Energy economics annual cost = u
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50 Energy economics EXAMPLE 2.12 Ex
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52 Energy economics l = 0.035 ( 1 0
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54 Energy economics Table 2.11 Valu
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56 Energy economics From Table 2.4
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Page 81 and 82: 3 Heat loss calculations Learning o
Page 83 and 84: 62 Heat loss calculations Table 3.1
Page 85 and 86: 64 Heat loss calculations Table 3.6
Page 87 and 88: 66 Heat loss calculations Where onl
Page 89 and 90: 68 Heat loss calculations The venti
Page 91 and 92: 70 Heat loss calculations The surro
Page 93 and 94: 72 Heat loss calculations The speci
Page 95 and 96: 74 Heat loss calculations where R m
Page 97 and 98: 76 Heat loss calculations The addit
Page 99 and 100: 78 Heat loss calculations operation
Page 101 and 102: 80 Heat loss calculations 2. The fo
Page 103 and 104: 82 Heat loss calculations internal
Page 105 and 106: 84 Heat loss calculations 27. Which
Page 107 and 108: 86 Heating Key terms and concepts a
Page 109 and 110: 88 Heating 4.2 Electrically heated
Page 111 and 112: 90 Heating Sheet steel case Removab
Page 113 and 114: 92 Heating Floor finish Screed with
Page 115 and 116: 94 Heating Flue Return air plenum F
Page 117 and 118: 96 Heating Table 4.1 Classification
Page 119 and 120: 98 Heating Table 4.2 Heat output fr
Page 121 and 122: 100 Heating Table 4.3 Flow of water
Page 123 and 124: 102 Heating and, maximum available
Page 125 and 126: 104 Heating This means that one vol
Page 127 and 128: 106 Heating Performance testing A r
Page 129: 108 Heating Electrical power genera
Page 133 and 134: 112 Heating 3. A building energy ma
Page 135 and 136: 114 Heating Connections are made to
Page 137 and 138: 116 Heating remotely the MWh consum
Page 139 and 140: 118 Heating 13. The two-pipe heatin
Page 141 and 142: 120 Heating 27. Which is not correc
Page 143 and 144: 122 Heating 39. Which of these is t
Page 145 and 146: 124 Heating 4. Heat supplied is cha
Page 147 and 148: 126 Ventilation and air conditionin
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160 Ventilation and air conditionin
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6 Hot- and cold-water supplies Lear
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180 Hot- and cold-water supplies Wa
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182 Hot- and cold-water supplies po
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184 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ce
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186 Hot- and cold-water supplies st
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188 Hot- and cold-water supplies 0.
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190 Hot- and cold-water supplies 53
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192 Hot- and cold-water supplies an
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194 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ta
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196 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ta
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198 Hot- and cold-water supplies (a
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204 Hot- and cold-water supplies 49
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206 Soil and waste systems Introduc
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208 Soil and waste systems Open to
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210 Soil and waste systems 7. Bends
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212 Soil and waste systems The inte
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214 Soil and waste systems 40 mm wa
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216 Soil and waste systems Table 7.
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218 Soil and waste systems 50 mm ve
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220 Soil and waste systems 3. Long
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222 Surface-water drainage Table 8.
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224 Surface-water drainage Rectangu
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226 Surface-water drainage The solu
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228 Surface-water drainage 7. A PVC
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230 Below-ground drainage Design ca
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232 Below-ground drainage Manhole:
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234 Below-ground drainage From Fig.
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236 Below-ground drainage storage v
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238 Below-ground drainage 14. The f
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240 Condensation in buildings mould
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242 Condensation in buildings The w
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244 Condensation in buildings EXAMP
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246 Condensation in buildings This
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248 Condensation in buildings Tempe
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250 Condensation in buildings and,
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252 Condensation in buildings EXAMP
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254 Condensation in buildings Tempe
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256 Condensation in buildings For t
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258 Condensation in buildings 4. Ev
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11 Lighting Learning objectives Stu
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262 Lighting Table 11.1 Typical val
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264 Lighting Light sources 9 9 9 Wi
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266 Lighting Utilization factor The
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268 Lighting From Table 11.3, for a
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270 Lighting Table 11.4 Lamp data.
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272 Lighting number of lamps = 12.8
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274 Lighting 3. Sketch and describe
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276 Lighting 4. Insufficient inform
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278 Lighting 3. 800 lm/m 2 . 4. 260
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12 Gas Learning objectives Study of
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282 Gas Open to atmosphere Rubber p
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284 Gas EL = (1.25 × 34) m = 42.5
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286 Gas become exhausted. SNG will
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288 Gas are ignited and an air flow
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290 Gas 3. The pipe from a gas mete
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292 Electrical installations Key te
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294 Electrical installations curren
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296 Electrical installations 1 Volt
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298 Electrical installations power
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300 Electrical installations For1mm
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302 Electrical installations Table
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304 Electrical installations Incomi
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306 Electrical installations energi
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308 Electrical installations Starte
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310 Electrical installations Ethyle
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312 Electrical installations Test o
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314 Electrical installations Joint
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316 Electrical installations 4. 100
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318 Electrical installations 39. Wh
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320 Electrical installations 51. Wh
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322 Room acoustics 20. understand t
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324 Room acoustics pump blades and
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326 Room acoustics ceiling, Q is 4.
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328 Room acoustics Table 14.2 Solut
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330 Room acoustics Table 14.3 Fan s
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332 Room acoustics Table 14.4 Illus
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334 Room acoustics (Sound Research
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336 Room acoustics The target room
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338 Room acoustics Table 14.6 Noise
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340 Room acoustics 100 90 80 70 Sou
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342 Room acoustics 24. A forced-dra
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344 Room acoustics The room directi
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346 Room acoustics 3. Multiple sour
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348 Room acoustics 55. Which is not
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350 Fire protection computer monito
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352 Fire protection halogen gas, wh
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354 Fire protection the reach of tu
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356 Fire protection Range pipe Spri
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358 Fire protection Fire compartmen
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360 Fire protection 16. Which are c
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362 Plant and service areas Key ter
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364 Plant and service areas 2.0 1.5
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366 Plant and service areas Fuel st
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368 Plant and service areas a minim
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370 Plant and service areas An unde
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372 Plant and service areas Air cha
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374 Plant and service areas 100 mm
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376 Plant and service areas Fire co
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378 Plant and service areas Table 1
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380 Plant and service areas 11. Wha
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17 Mechanical transportation Learni
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384 Mechanical transportation Table
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386 Mechanical transportation Crowd
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388 Mechanical transportation Hydra
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390 Mechanical transportation 4. Co
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18 Question bank Learning objective
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394 Question bank 8. Which correctl
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396 Question bank 5. This building
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398 Understanding units Questions 1
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400 Understanding units 15. Which i
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402 Understanding units 29. Which o
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404 Understanding units 43. Which i
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Appendix: answers to questions Chap
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408 Appendix Chapter 3 Heat loss ca
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410 Appendix 4. 0.007469 kg H 2 O/k
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412 Appendix 32. 5 33. 5 34. 3 35.
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414 Appendix 23. Lighting 1200 h/ye
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416 Appendix 27. 37 dB. 28. 39 dB.
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418 Appendix 15. 5 16. 2 17. 5 18.
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References Action Energy, Departmen
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Index Absorption 154, 324 Absorptio
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424 Index Gas burner controls 289 G
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426 Index Sensible heat gains 137 S
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Building Services Engineering 5th Edition Handbook

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