Building Services Engineering 5th Edition Handbook

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14 Room acoustics Learning objectives Study of this chapter will enable the reader to: 1. know the potential sources of sound and vibration within buildings; 2. know what is meant by noise; 3. understand how sound travels through a building; 4. understand what is meant by sound pressure wave, sound power level and sound pressure level; 5. know how to calculate sound pressure levels for normal building services design examples; 6. use sound levels at the range of frequencies commonly used in building services engineering; 7. understand how sound and vibration are transmitted through buildings; 8. be able to identify the need for sound attenuation vibration isolation; 9. understand and use the decibel unit of measurement of sound energy; 10. know the meaning and use of direct and reverberant sound fields; 11. calculate the sound pressure level in a plant room, a space adjacent to the plant room, in the target occupied room and in the external environment outside the plant room; 12. use logarithms to base 10 in acoustic calculations; 13. understand the principle of sound absorption; 14. calculate the sound absorption constant for a room at different frequencies; 15. know the sound absorption coefficients for some common building materials and constructions; 16. understand and use reverberation time and attenuation; 17. calculate sound pressure levels at different frequencies within a plant room; 18. know what a reverberant room and an anechoic chamber are; 19. use directivity index sound absorption coefficients, mean absorption coefficient and room absorption constant;
322 Room acoustics 20. understand the behaviour of equipment at resonant conditions and how to minimize or avoid its occurrence; 21. calculate and use the sound pressure level in a plant room; 22. calculate the sound pressure level experienced at an external location from a plant room; 23. calculate the sound pressure level generated in a room or space that is adjacent to a plant room; 24. calculate the sound pressure levels at different frequencies that are produced in the target occupied room; 25. understand, calculate and use noise rating data; 26. know how the acoustic design engineer relates the noise output from plant systems to the human response; 27. be able to calculate noise rating curves; 28. know the noise rating criteria used for building services design; 29. plot noise rating curves, plant and system sound pressure levels and find a suitable design solution; 30. know the formulae used in practical acoustic design work; 31. be able to carry out sound pressure level and noise rating design calculations, try different solutions to attenuate plant noise and be able to produce a practical design to meet a design brief. Key terms and concepts absorption 324; absorption coefficient 326; acoustic 324; acoustic barrier 326; acoustic energy 323; acoustic power 323; air-duct lining 324; air ducts 324; air pressure 323; anechoic chamber 327; atmospheric pressure 323; attenuation 332; audible frequencies 324; Bel 324; building 334; compressible medium 323; compressors 330; decibel 324; directivity 325; direct sound field 325; ear response 323; elastic medium 323; electric impulses 323; engines 330; fan blades 331; fan noise spectrum 331; fans 331; flexible connections 324; fluid 324; free field 325; frequency 324; hemispherical sound field 325; Hertz (Hz) 324; human ear 323; intermediate room 334; logarithm 325; mean absorption coefficient 326; mechanical service equipment 330; molecular vibration 324; multiple reflection 326; natural vibration 326; noise 324; noise rating 336; outdoor environment 333; pipes 324; plant room 325; plant vibrations 330; porous material 326; pressure wave 323; pump blades 331; pumps 331; resonance 332; reverberant sound field 326; reverberation 326; reverberation time 326; room absorption constant 326; rotation 330; rubber mountings 324; solid materials 324; sound 323; sound power 323; sound power level 324; sound pressure 323; sound pressure level 324; springs 324; structure 324; target room 335; total sound field 325; turbulent flow 324; vibration 324; Watts (W) 323; wave 323. Introduction This chapter uses the worksheet file DBPLANT.WKS to find the noise rating that will be produced within an occupied room by direct transmission through the building from the noise-producing plant. The plant noise source creates sound pressure levels within the plant room. The plant room noise can pass through an intermediate space, such as a corridor, and then into the target
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Building Services Engineering
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Building Services Engineering Fifth
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Contents Preface to fifth edition A
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Contents vii Sick building syndrome
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Contents ix Circuit design 294 Cabl
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Preface to fifth edition Building S
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Acknowledgements I am particularly
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Units and constants xv Table 2 Mult
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Symbols xvii Symbol Description Uni
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Symbols xix Symbol Description Unit
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2 Built environment Introduction Th
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4 Built environment Ventilation The
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6 Built environment (a) At full occ
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8 Built environment Table 1.2 Compa
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10 Built environment Because of the
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12 Built environment Visual display
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14 Built environment v = 7 m/s t a
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16 Built environment 1.4 Sling psyc
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18 Built environment 1.7 Thermistor
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20 Built environment t res = t g (1
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22 Built environment great care wit
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24 Built environment 16. An hotel l
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26 Built environment 37. Are any of
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28 Built environment building has a
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30 Built environment 73. What was t
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32 Energy economics Introduction Bu
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34 Energy economics 16. air-to-air
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36 Energy economics 1 kWh = 1 kWh
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38 Energy economics 2. Heat transfe
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40 Energy economics For solid fuel
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42 Energy economics gas cost = 1.80
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44 Energy economics Table 2.5 Carbo
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46 Energy economics EXAMPLE 2.8 A h
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48 Energy economics annual cost = u
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50 Energy economics EXAMPLE 2.12 Ex
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52 Energy economics l = 0.035 ( 1 0
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54 Energy economics Table 2.11 Valu
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56 Energy economics From Table 2.4
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58 Energy economics 3. Minimum outs
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3 Heat loss calculations Learning o
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62 Heat loss calculations Table 3.1
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64 Heat loss calculations Table 3.6
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66 Heat loss calculations Where onl
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68 Heat loss calculations The venti
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70 Heat loss calculations The surro
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72 Heat loss calculations The speci
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74 Heat loss calculations where R m
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76 Heat loss calculations The addit
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78 Heat loss calculations operation
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80 Heat loss calculations 2. The fo
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82 Heat loss calculations internal
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84 Heat loss calculations 27. Which
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86 Heating Key terms and concepts a
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88 Heating 4.2 Electrically heated
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90 Heating Sheet steel case Removab
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92 Heating Floor finish Screed with
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94 Heating Flue Return air plenum F
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96 Heating Table 4.1 Classification
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98 Heating Table 4.2 Heat output fr
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100 Heating Table 4.3 Flow of water
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102 Heating and, maximum available
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104 Heating This means that one vol
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106 Heating Performance testing A r
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108 Heating Electrical power genera
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110 Heating Combined heat and power
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112 Heating 3. A building energy ma
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114 Heating Connections are made to
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116 Heating remotely the MWh consum
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118 Heating 13. The two-pipe heatin
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120 Heating 27. Which is not correc
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122 Heating 39. Which of these is t
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124 Heating 4. Heat supplied is cha
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126 Ventilation and air conditionin
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6 Hot- and cold-water supplies Lear
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180 Hot- and cold-water supplies Wa
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182 Hot- and cold-water supplies po
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184 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ce
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186 Hot- and cold-water supplies st
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188 Hot- and cold-water supplies 0.
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190 Hot- and cold-water supplies 53
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192 Hot- and cold-water supplies an
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194 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ta
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196 Hot- and cold-water supplies Ta
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198 Hot- and cold-water supplies (a
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204 Hot- and cold-water supplies 49
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206 Soil and waste systems Introduc
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208 Soil and waste systems Open to
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210 Soil and waste systems 7. Bends
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212 Soil and waste systems The inte
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214 Soil and waste systems 40 mm wa
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216 Soil and waste systems Table 7.
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218 Soil and waste systems 50 mm ve
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220 Soil and waste systems 3. Long
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222 Surface-water drainage Table 8.
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224 Surface-water drainage Rectangu
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226 Surface-water drainage The solu
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228 Surface-water drainage 7. A PVC
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230 Below-ground drainage Design ca
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232 Below-ground drainage Manhole:
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234 Below-ground drainage From Fig.
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236 Below-ground drainage storage v
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238 Below-ground drainage 14. The f
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240 Condensation in buildings mould
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242 Condensation in buildings The w
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244 Condensation in buildings EXAMP
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246 Condensation in buildings This
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248 Condensation in buildings Tempe
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250 Condensation in buildings and,
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252 Condensation in buildings EXAMP
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254 Condensation in buildings Tempe
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256 Condensation in buildings For t
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258 Condensation in buildings 4. Ev
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11 Lighting Learning objectives Stu
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262 Lighting Table 11.1 Typical val
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264 Lighting Light sources 9 9 9 Wi
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266 Lighting Utilization factor The
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268 Lighting From Table 11.3, for a
Page 291 and 292: 270 Lighting Table 11.4 Lamp data.
Page 293 and 294: 272 Lighting number of lamps = 12.8
Page 295 and 296: 274 Lighting 3. Sketch and describe
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Page 299 and 300: 278 Lighting 3. 800 lm/m 2 . 4. 260
Page 301 and 302: 12 Gas Learning objectives Study of
Page 303 and 304: 282 Gas Open to atmosphere Rubber p
Page 305 and 306: 284 Gas EL = (1.25 × 34) m = 42.5
Page 307 and 308: 286 Gas become exhausted. SNG will
Page 309 and 310: 288 Gas are ignited and an air flow
Page 311 and 312: 290 Gas 3. The pipe from a gas mete
Page 313 and 314: 292 Electrical installations Key te
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Page 317 and 318: 296 Electrical installations 1 Volt
Page 319 and 320: 298 Electrical installations power
Page 321 and 322: 300 Electrical installations For1mm
Page 323 and 324: 302 Electrical installations Table
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Page 331 and 332: 310 Electrical installations Ethyle
Page 333 and 334: 312 Electrical installations Test o
Page 335 and 336: 314 Electrical installations Joint
Page 337 and 338: 316 Electrical installations 4. 100
Page 339 and 340: 318 Electrical installations 39. Wh
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Page 345 and 346: 324 Room acoustics pump blades and
Page 347 and 348: 326 Room acoustics ceiling, Q is 4.
Page 349 and 350: 328 Room acoustics Table 14.2 Solut
Page 351 and 352: 330 Room acoustics Table 14.3 Fan s
Page 353 and 354: 332 Room acoustics Table 14.4 Illus
Page 355 and 356: 334 Room acoustics (Sound Research
Page 357 and 358: 336 Room acoustics The target room
Page 359 and 360: 338 Room acoustics Table 14.6 Noise
Page 361 and 362: 340 Room acoustics 100 90 80 70 Sou
Page 363 and 364: 342 Room acoustics 24. A forced-dra
Page 365 and 366: 344 Room acoustics The room directi
Page 367 and 368: 346 Room acoustics 3. Multiple sour
Page 369 and 370: 348 Room acoustics 55. Which is not
Page 371 and 372: 350 Fire protection computer monito
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Page 375 and 376: 354 Fire protection the reach of tu
Page 377 and 378: 356 Fire protection Range pipe Spri
Page 379 and 380: 358 Fire protection Fire compartmen
Page 381 and 382: 360 Fire protection 16. Which are c
Page 383 and 384: 362 Plant and service areas Key ter
Page 385 and 386: 364 Plant and service areas 2.0 1.5
Page 387 and 388: 366 Plant and service areas Fuel st
Page 389 and 390: 368 Plant and service areas a minim
Page 391 and 392: 370 Plant and service areas An unde
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372 Plant and service areas Air cha
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374 Plant and service areas 100 mm
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376 Plant and service areas Fire co
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378 Plant and service areas Table 1
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380 Plant and service areas 11. Wha
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17 Mechanical transportation Learni
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384 Mechanical transportation Table
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386 Mechanical transportation Crowd
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388 Mechanical transportation Hydra
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390 Mechanical transportation 4. Co
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18 Question bank Learning objective
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394 Question bank 8. Which correctl
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396 Question bank 5. This building
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398 Understanding units Questions 1
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400 Understanding units 15. Which i
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402 Understanding units 29. Which o
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404 Understanding units 43. Which i
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Appendix: answers to questions Chap
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408 Appendix Chapter 3 Heat loss ca
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410 Appendix 4. 0.007469 kg H 2 O/k
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412 Appendix 32. 5 33. 5 34. 3 35.
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414 Appendix 23. Lighting 1200 h/ye
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416 Appendix 27. 37 dB. 28. 39 dB.
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418 Appendix 15. 5 16. 2 17. 5 18.
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References Action Energy, Departmen
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Index Absorption 154, 324 Absorptio
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424 Index Gas burner controls 289 G
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426 Index Sensible heat gains 137 S
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Building Services Engineering 5th Edition Handbook

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